science

• Weight is the gravitational pull on an object, measured in Newtons.
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms.
• A newton is defined as the amount of force needed to accelerate an object with a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared.
• On Earth's surface, g is approximately equal to 9.8 N/kg.
• The formula to convert between weight (N) and mass (kg) is W = mg, where m is mass and g is acceleration due to gravity.
• pressure is the amount of force pushing on a certain area.
• the size of pressure depends on the size of area it is pushing on.
• gravity is an invisible force that pulls objects toward each other.
• friction is created when two touching objects or surfaces move past each other.
• carbohydrates provide the body with glucose.
• proteins are made up of amino acids
• vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients needed by the body but not produced by the body itself.
• digestive system is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
• the digestive system consists of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
• balanced forces are forces of equal magnitude from opposite directions acting on an object.
• unbalanced forces are when the force are not evenly distributed across the object.
• air friction is caused by air particles colliding against moving objects.
• food chain is the order of events in a food web, from producers to consumers to predators.
• carnivores are animals that eat other animals or only eat meat.
• producers are organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis.
• omnivores are animals that eat both plant and animal matter.
• decomposers break down dead organic material into simpler substances
• a habitat is an area where living things live
• an ecosystem is all the living things in a habitat and how they interact with one another and non-living factors like climate and soil type.
• herbivores are animals that feed on plants.
• consumers are organisms that obtain energy from other organism by eating them.
• only 10% of energy is passed on in the food chain.
• apex predators are the top of the food chain and have no predators.
• electromagnets is a magnet that runs on electricity and has a coil wrapped around it.
• the electromagnet can be turned off or on using an electric current.
• a permanent magnet is made out of iron, nickel and cobalt.
• magnetic fields are created when there is moving charges (current).
• magnet have two poles, north and south, and attract each other.
• like poles repel.
• states of matter are solids, liquids and gases.
• the state change from a liquid to a solid is called freezing.
• the state change from a gas to a liquid is called condensation.
• the state change from a solid to a liquid is called melting.
• the state change from a gas to a solid is called deposition.
• the state change from a solid to a gas is called sublimation.