central dogma of molecular biology

• DNA encodes RNA through transcription.
• One strand of DNA holds the information that codes for various genes; this strand is often called the template strand.
• ✓Responsible for moving genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol
• Hairpin shape that binds to specific amino acids– helps form polypeptide chains
• Most abundant type of RNA. Ribosomes are site of protein synthesis
• SSDP

  An enzyme that protects the single strand DNA from rewinding to its original state
• 2


  How many hydrogen bonds are involved in the connection between thymine and adenine
• DNA Polymerase 3


  an enzyme that extends the RNA primer and adds nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction
• HELICASE


  An enzyme that is responsible for breaking the bonds between nucleotides i DNA
• Origin of replication


  term for the location where replication begins
• Cytoplasm

  where does the process of protein synthesis occur inside the cell/
• Codons


  What is the tern for the nucleotides carried by the mRNA/
• Ligase


  which enzyme is responsible for closing the gaps in the lagging strand/
• DNA Pol. 1


  Name the enzyme that removes RNA primers
• DNA polymerase 1


  Identify the enzyme involved in removing RNA primers during replication process
• mRNA


  carries genetic info from DNA in nucleus to cytosol of cell
• tRNA


  binds amino acids to form polypeptide chains, it also consists of 80 nucleotides
• rRNA


  most abundant type of RNA, joined by proteins to make RIBOSOMES.
• RNA Nucleotides


  acts as a primer, or the starting point of DNA synthesis
• RNA


  copies information to code for protein.
• Phosphate group


  composed of a phosphorus atom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms.
• The absence of an oxygen atom in the second carbon in the deoxyribose sugar helps distinguish DNA from RNA. It makes DNA a stable molecule.
• Purines

  2 ringed structure consisting of Adenine and Guanine
• Hemoglobin


  carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of body
• Collagen


  connects muscles and bones together
• Thenlanguange of instruction in the mRNAis called the Genetic code.
• In Translation, where the information is sent by the mRNA is analyzed with the help of ribosomes.
• Ribosomes

  translate mRNA code into proper protein format