physics

• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is proportional to the mass and velocity of an object.
• Efficiency: The ratio of useful energy output to the total of energy input.
• Waves: A series of oscillations that transfer energy from one place to another.
• Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves, meaning they oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
• Mechanical waves: are waves that travel through a medium and are not affected by the material they are passing through.
• Refraction: The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
• Reflection: The change in direction of a wave/light when it strikes a surface.
• Diffraction: the process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread out as a result of passing through a narrow gap or around a corner.
• Sound waves: Waves that travel through the air or other mediums.
• The Electromagnetic waves are Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays and Gamma rays
• Visible light is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. It has a wavelength of 400nm to 700nm and is the part of the spectrum that is used for communication.
• Microwaves is used for cooking food, satellite communication, and medical imaging. Its has a wavelength of 1 mm to 1000 mm.
• Radio Waves are used to transmit audio and video signals, and are used in wireless communication. It has the longest wavelength of all the electromagnetic waves.
• Infra red radiation is used to heat food in microwaves. It is also used to heat the skin in sunbeds. It has a longer wavelength than visible light.
• Ultra violet light is used to kill bacteria in water and food. It has a shorter wavelength than visible light.
• X-rays are used to diagnose and treat diseases, such as cancer. It has a high penetrating power.
• Gamma rays are the highest energy rays and are used in medical imaging. It has a short wavelength and a high frequency.
• Analogue signals is a continuous waveform that can be represented by a continuous variable.
• Digital signals are represented by binary numbers, which are 0s and 1s.
• Laws of reflection state that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and that the incident ray and reflect ray all lie on the same plane.
• The refractive index (n) is calculated using the formula n = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in medium
• Longitudinal waves have a vibrating particle that oscillates parallel to the direction of the wave.
• Frequency: the rate at which something occurs over a particular period of time or in a given sample