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Chemistry
Paper 2
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
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Cards (22)
What was the early atmosphere made mostly of?
Carbon dioxide.
How did the oceans form?
Water vapour
condensed.
How did the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease to today's levels?
It
dissolved
into
oceans
,
photosynthesis
, formed
fossil fuels
and
sedimentary rock
How did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase to today's levels?
Photosynthesis
of
algae
and
plants.
How has the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere changed over time?
Increased
because it is
unreactive.
Why can't scientists be sure about the composition of the early atmosphere?
It was
billions
of
years ago
and so evidence is
limited.
What is the current composition of the atmosphere?
80% nitrogen
,
20% oxygen
,
less than 1% carbon dioxide
,
water vapour
and
noble gases.
Name three greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide
,
methane
and
water vapour.
What type of radiation is emitted by the sun and absorbed y the Earth?
Short wavelength
radiation
What type of radiation is emitted by the Earth?
Long wavelength
infrared
radiation.
What type of radiation do greenhouse gases absorb?
Long wavelength
infrared
radiation.
Give two ways that recent human activities have increased carbon dioxide levels.
Burning fossil fuels
,
deforestation
Give two ways that recent human activities have increased methane levels.
Cattle farming
,
rice farming
, (increased
waste production
).
What is global warming?
An
increase
in the overall
global
average
temperatures.
What is climate change?
The change in
long term
weather patterns
across the
planet.
Name some consequences of climate change.
Ice caps melting
,
sea levels rising
,
floods
,
changes
in the
rainfall
,
extreme weather
e.g.
storms
, changes to
habitats.
What is a carbon footprint?
The amount of
CO2
or other
greenhouse gases
that a
product
,
service
or
event release
into the
atmosphere
over their lifetime.
Name some ways we can reduce carbon footprints.
Renewable
or
nuclear energy
, more
efficient technology
, less
waste
,
taxes
,
carbon capture
and
storage.
Why isn't it easy to reduce carbon footprint?
Costly
, reduce
economic growth
, lack of
commitment
from other countries.
What are the products of complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide
and
water.
Name two possible products of incomplete combustion and issues associated with them.
Carbon monoxide
-
toxic
gas (reduces
oxygen
in blood).
Carbon
particulates (
soot
) -
respiratory
problems and
glabal
dimming.
What are the issues associated with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released during combustion?
Respiratory problems
and
acid rain.