Physics

• Physics is the study of the interaction between matter and energy
• Physics is concerned with the forces that exist between objects and the interrelationship between matter and energy
• Physics comes from the Greek word "physika", meaning 'Of nature or natural philosophy'
• Classical Physics focuses on the study of macroscopic objects and physical laws governing them
• Classical Physics is concerned with the motion of objects moving at speeds that are low compared to the speed of light
• Modern Physics is the study of nuclei and other related phenomena
• Modern Physics explains the properties and interactions among atoms and subatomic particles
• Classical Physics branches:
• Thermodynamics deals with heat, work, temperature, and the statistical behavior of a large number of particles
• Mechanics studies the motion, energy, and effects of forces on matter
• Electromagnetism involves the theory of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic fields
• Electromagnetism includes the study of electrostatic force, electrically-charged objects, and magnetism
• Wave Physics are energy carriers in the form of sound and light waves
• Light Waves (optics) focus on the properties and characteristics of light
• Sound Waves explain the transmission, emission, and production of sounds due to vibrating molecules
• Modern Physics deals with the study of properties, characteristics, and applications of atoms and subatomic particles
• Important contributions in Modern Physics include the quantum theory by Max Planck and the theory of relativity by Albert Einstein
• Modern Physics introduced the use of nuclear energy, particle accelerators, and generators
• Brief History:
• Classical Physics includes theories, concepts, laws, and experiments developed prior to 1900
• Galileo Galilei made significant contributions to classical mechanics
• Johannes Kepler analyzed astronomical data to develop empirical laws for the motion of planetary bodies
• Isaac Newton provided important contributions to classical mechanics and developed it as a systematic theory
• Modern Physics saw important developments in the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics
• Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized traditional concepts of space, time, and energy
• Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction and formulated the laws of electrolysis
• J. Robert Oppenheimer directed the development of the first atomic bomb
• Charles Augustine de Coulomb formulated Coulomb's law governing the interaction between electric charges
• George Simon Ohm formulated Ohm's law showing the relationship between electromotive force, resistance, and current
• Andre Marie Ampere was one of the discoverers of electromagnetism
• Daniel Bernoulli is known as the founder of mathematical physics and explained phenomena like how kites fly through Bernoulli's Principle
• Thomas Alva Edison invented various devices like the phonograph, incandescent lamp, and carbon-button transmitter
• Albert Einstein is best known for his special theory of relativity and is considered the father of modern physics
• Lee De Forest is known as the father of radio and television
• Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity in lightning and invented bifocals and the Franklin stove
• Galileo Galilei is known as the father of experimental science and made significant discoveries in physics
• Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion, the law of universal gravitation, and the corpuscular theory of light
• Denis Papin invented the Papin's steam engine and the pressure cooker
• Blaise Pascal invented the digital calculator and is known for Pascal's Principle
• Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays and invented the X-ray tube