PART 1

• Travel & Tourism Industry

  1. Visitor Attractions
  2. Accommodations
  3. Travel Agents
  4. Tourism Development and Promotion
  5. Tour Operations
  6. Ancillary Services
  7. Transport
• 3 Distinct Methods of Human Transport

  1. Self-Propelled Modes : Human Muscle Power
  2. Augmented Modes : Uses tech or tools amplify bodily efforts
  3. Fueled Modes : Motorized
• Components of Transpo System

  1. The Way : Medium of travel that vehicle operates. Could be artificial or natural.
  2. The Vehicle : The equipment or device used to transpo
  3. The Terminal : Public transport terminal give passenger access to vehicle
  4. The Motive Power : Source of energy produce motion. Eg: Horse-Drawn Carriages, Steam, Internal Combustion Engine, Jet Propulsion, Electricity.
• Modes of Tourism Transportation

  1. Air
  2. Land (Road or Rail)
  3. Water
• Factors Affect Choice of Mode of Transpo

  1. Accessibility : Ease of getting or boarding vehicle. Loses usefulness if mode not accessible.
  2. Cost: The affordability
  3. Speed
  4. Safety & Security
  5. Comfort & Convenience
• Land Transportation

  • Moving passengers & freight with vehicles over prepared surface
  • 2 main forms: Road & Railway
• 3 Distinct Methods of Land Transport

  1. Human Powered : Use human muscle. Popular due: cheap, leisure, exercise, enviro-friendly, only type available in underdeveloped regions.
  2. Animal Powered : Uses working animals for movement. May ride directly, as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles.
  3. Machine Powered
• Road Transport


  Movement of people & goods using roads & other prepared surfaces.
• Land Transport Infrastructure

  • Fixed installations allow vehicles operate
  • Consists way, terminal & facility parking & maintenance
• Pedestrian Lanes


  Area where pedestrians to cross safely
• Overpass


  Bridge, road, railway crosses over road or railway
• Underpass


  Road or pedestrian tunnel
• Highways


  Public or private road connecting major towns or cities
• Expressways


  Type of highway for highspeed vehicular traffic. Provides unhinged flow of traffic, no traffic signals, no intersections, no pedestrian lanes
• Landport


  Intermodal terminal facilities transfer passengers from 1 mode of transport to another. Has facilities & amenities such as ticket counters, charging stations, retail outlets, toilets, etc.
• Car Rental

  • Aka hire car, or car hire agency rents automobiles for short period, ranging from few hours to few weeks.
  • Organized with numerous local branches (allow uses to return vehicle to different location) & primarily near at airports or city areas.
• Types of Vehicles

  • Most car rentals offer range of vehicle sizes of that suit a variety of budget, capacity requirements, & some specialized features like navigation systems, car entertainment, e-vehicles.
  • For uniform classification & easy comparison of car rental prices, the Association of Car Rental Industry Systems & Standards ( ACRISS ) developed ACRISS Car Classification Code System
• ACRISS Car Classification Code System

  • 1st Character: Based on Size, Cost, Power, & Luxury Feature
  • 2nd Character: Chassis type ( Van, SUV, Wagon, Convertible )
  • 3rd Character: Transmission & Drive - Auto / Manual & 2WD / 4WD / AWD
  • 4th Character: Fuel Type ( Petrol / Diesel / Hybrid / Electric ) & Air- Con or not
• Mini


  Smallest type. Suitable for 3 or 4 people for very short trips. For longer trips, more suitable for 1 or 2 people. (Eg: Kia Picanto)
• Economy


  2nd smallest type. Good for city driving and for 4 people for shorter trips, & 2 or 3 people for longer trips. (Eg: Ford Fiesta)
• Compact


  Med-size, hatchback, & good for 4 people shorter trips - 2 or 3 people for longer trips. (Eg: Chevrolet)
• Intermediate (Med-Size)


  Bigger than "Compact" cars and smaller than "Standard" cars. Feature selection options & good for 3 - 4 people. (Eg: Nissan Sentra)
• Standard (Family Car)


  Aka Fam Cars. Can seat 5 people comfortably w/ plenty trunk space & amenities. (Eg: Kia Sportage)
• Luxury


  Travel in style. Made by high-end brands w/ lux features: sleek look, plush interior, comfy seats, & powerful engine. Ideal for long trips & good for 4 or more people. (Eg: Audi R8)
• Convertible


  With soft roof you can put or down depending on weather. Come in most sizes: from smallest to intermediate or standard. (Eg: Chevrolet Corvette)
• Sport or Sub-Urban Utility Vehicle (SUV)


  Are 4WD with rugged look, set higher above road. (Eg: Honda CRV)
• Motorhome


  Self-propelled recreational vehicle or RV which offers living accommodation with vehicle engine. Term usually used in UK, US, & Canada.
• Coach/Bus


  Used for conveying passengers for excursions & on longer-distance intercity bus service. Often has luggage hold & equipped with facilities required for longer trips, like comfortable seats & sometimes toilets.
• Parts of Motorhome

  • Berth : Piece furniture provides place to sleep. Rach has either fixed or converts from another part of motorhome's interior, usually fold-out sofa.
  • Kitchenette Area : Has oven, grill, stovetop, & sink. More lux models provide a microwave.
  • Dinette Area : Small area with seating space & table for dining.
• Parts of Motorhome

  • Washroom : Toilet, shower, basin, & sometimes swivel for extra room.
  • Cab Area : Driver & passenger seats. These often swivel for extra to become part of living space.
  • Lounge : Either U-shaped sofa located rear of motorhome or side lounge.
• Leiper's Basic Whole Tourism System : Primary Elements

  1. At least 1 tourist
  2. At least 1 tourist-generating region
  3. At least 1 transit route
  4. At least 1 tourist destination
  5. A Travel & Tourism Industry
• ACRISS Car Classification System- Category

  A) Mini

  B) Mini Elite

  C) Economy

  D) Economy Elite

  E) Compact

  F) Compact Elite

  G) Intermediate

  
• ACRISS Car Classification Code System- Type

  A) 2-3 Door

  B) 2/4 Door

  C) 4-5 Door

  D) Wagon/Estate

  E) Passenger Van

  F) Limousine/Sedan

  G) Sport

  
• ACRISS Car Classification Code System- Transmission/Drive

  A) Manuel Unspecified Drive

  B) Manuel 4WD

  C) Manuel AWD

  D) Auto Unspecified Drive

  E) Auto 4WD

  F) Auto AWD

  
• ACRISS Car Classification Code System- Fuel/Air Con

  A) Unspecified Fuel/Power with Air

  B) Unspecified Fuel/Power without Air

  C) Diesel Air

  D) Diesel No Air

  E) Hybrid Air

  F) Hybrid Plug in Air

  G) Electric