Exam 2 FlashCards

• Multiple Sclerosis


  Inflammatory, demyelinating condition of the CNS
• Myelin


  Fatty, protective sheath that surrounds and insulates the axon in the brain and spinal cord; promotes rapid transmission of nerve impulses
• Relapsing-Remitting


  Fluctuating course of relapses with associated neurological deficits, followed by periods of partial or total recovery after relapse
• Secondary Progressive

  Cessation of fluctuations with slow deterioration and progression
• Primary Progressive


  Deterioration from the beginning
• Optic Neuritis


  Inflammation of optic nerve
• Nystagmus 


  A vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements
• Dysphagia


  Difficulty swallowing
• Dysarthria


  Difficult or unclear articulation of speech
• Dysphonia


  Difficulty in speaking due to a physical disorder of the tongue, mouth, throat, or vocal cords
• Neurodegenerative


  Nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system lose function over time and ultimately die
• Neuromuscular


  The combination of the nervous system and muscles, working together to permit movement
• Parkinson’s Disease 


  Affects the dopamine producing neurons in the midbrain called Substantia Nigra
• Huntington’s Disease


  Neurons in the basal ganglia degenerate
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)


  Gradual degeneration of motor neurons
• Myasthenia Gravis (MG)


  Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular condition
• Akinesia


  Inability to perform a clinically perceivable movement
• Tremor


  An involuntary quivering movement
• Rigidity 


  Stiff or inflexible muscles
• Postural disturbance


  The inability to maintain equilibrium under dynamic and static conditions such as preparation of movements, perturbations, and quiet stance
• Basal ganglia


  Controls body’s voluntary movements
• Hypophonia


  Soft speech resulting from lack of coordination in the vocal musculature
• Micrographia 


  Abnormally small, cramped handwriting
• Dopamine 


  Controls memory, mood, sleep, learning, concentration, movement, and other body functions
• Bradykinesia


  Slowness of movement or speed (or progressive hesitations/halts) as movements are continued
• Deep brain stimulation


  Surgical procedure that implants a neurostimulator and electrodes which sends electrical impulses to specified targets in the brain responsible for movement control
• Psychotropic medication


  A group of drugs that doctors may prescribe to treat a variety of conditions
• Dementia


  Impaired ability to remember, think, or make decisions that interfere with doing everyday activities
• Lewy Body dementia


  A disease associated with abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain
• Vascular dementia


  Changes to memory, thinking, and behavior resulting from conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain
• Fronto-temporal dementia


  The result of damage to the neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain
• Early onset dementia


  An uncommon form of dementia that affects people younger than age 65
• Autoimmune condition


  A disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells
• Diplopia


  Double vision
• Ptosis 


  Drooping of the upper eyelid
• Poliomyelitis 


  A disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus
• Gullain-Barré Syndrome


  A condition in which the immune system attacks the nerve
• Lyme Disease


  The most common vector-borne disease in the US caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorfer
• Bell’s Palsy


  An unexplained episode of facial muscle weakness or paralysis
• Central sleep apnea


  Characterized by a lack of drive to breathe during sleep, resulting in repetitive periods of insufficient ventilation and compromised gas exchange