THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

• Good Debate: Panacea to all the ills of contemporary political, economic, and social organizations
• Bad Debate


  : equally vociferously, exacerbating and entrenching inequalities
• MARXIST PERSPECTIVE 


  Contemporary globalization is simply a more advanced stage in the development of capitalism. It is a product of historical evolution
• ROLAND ROBERTSON'S PHASES OF GLOBALIZATION


  Five Phases

  1. First Phase (1400-1750)
  2. Second Phase (1750-1875)
  3. Third Phase (1875-1925)
  4. Fourth Phase (1925-1960s)
  5. Fifth Phase (1969-present(
• FIRST PHASE (1400-1750)

  • European exploration
  • global spread of roman catholic
  • emergence of the westphalian state system
• Second Phase (1750-1875)

  • consolidation of the state-system
  • first stage of industrial revolution
• Third Phase (1875-1925)

  • second stage of industrial revolution
• fourth phase (1925-1960s)

  • creation of international regimes and institutions with global reach
• Fifth Phase (1969-present)

  • new patterns of migration
  • rise of information and communication technologies
• Keohane and Nye (2003)

  • thin globalization and thick globalization
• THIN GLOBALIZATION

  • interconnectedness of diverse parts of the world but only affected limited people
• THICK GLOBALIZATION

  • created a dense network of extensive and overlapping relationships and an intensification of economic, social, cultural and political interdependencies
• The Silk Road is a network of routes used by traders for over 1,500 years
• The Silk Road contributed to the exchange of goods and ideas among diverse cultures
• The term "Silk Road" was first used by Ferdinand von Richthofen in 1877 C.E.
• The Silk Road extended approximately 6,437 kilometers across formidable landscapes
• Traders on the Silk Road joined caravans with camels or other pack animals for safety
• Caravanserais were large inns that housed traveling merchants along the Silk Road
• Goods traded along the Silk Road included silk, jade, porcelain, tea, spices, horses, glassware, and textiles
• Marco Polo was one of the most famous travelers of the Silk Road
• Religion, ideas, technologies, and innovations spread along the Silk Road
• Diseases like the Black Death also spread along the Silk Road
• The Age of Exploration led to faster routes between the East and West, but parts of the Silk Road remained critical pathways among cultures
• Parts of the Silk Road are listed on UNESCO's World Heritage List
• BRIEF HISTORY OF SILK ROAD (200 BC-1400s)

  • network of trade routes that connected China with the West form the second century BCE to the mid 15th century
  • stretched from Asia to the Mediterranean, passing through China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greece, and Italy.
• The Silk Road

  • named after the highly valued Chinese silk that merchants transported along the routes
• Continents included in the Silk Road

  1. Asia
  2. Europe
  3. Africa
• Etymology: Globalization

  • derived from "globus"
  • came into usage in the 16th century
• Etymology: Globalization

  • Old term:
  • all inclusive, comprehensive
  • relating to or embracing the whole of something, or a group of things
• Global

  • "worldwide" in 1940s
  •  New Term started at the end of 19th century
• Globality

  • social concept referring to the emergence of a global society in the sense that the notion of closed spaces has become illusory, so that nothing that happens on Earth is only limited local event
• Globalism

  • 'world market' is now powerful enough to take the place of (local and national) political action
  •  more politically charged;endowed with neoliberal meanings and values
• Globalization

  • first entered English lexicon through the Webster's Dictionary in 1961
  • used to describe the interconnectedness of social events and relationships aroud the world
• Neoliberalism 


  market-oriented reform policies such as "eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, lowering trade barriers"
• Capitalism


  political and economic system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
• Socialism 


  seeks greater equality by creating more equal distribution of wealth
• Communism


  eliminates private property in the hopes of creating equality
• The global north consists of the richest countries with the most up-to-date technology and resources
• The global south includes countries with fewer resources and money, leading to higher levels of poverty among their citizens
• The global north produces the most carbon dioxide and waste in the world, impacting smaller islands