U1 : Concepts of H & W

• Physical Health

  Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.
• Social Health

  Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
• Mental Health

  The current state of the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.
• Emotional Health

  Relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way.
• Spiritual Health

  Is not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings.
• Dynamic Nature

  The H & W experienced by an individual is dynamic, meaning that it is constantly changing.
• Subjective Nature

  In modern times, the concept of H & W is viewed in many different ways and is therefore said to be subjective.
• PEMSS

  Physical, Emotional, Mental, Social, Spiritual
• HHCE

  Happy, Healthy, Capable, Engaged
• Youth Perspectives

  Youth and early adulthood are complex stages of life which can cause stress during these years.​

  Mental health -> coping w/stress, school, study problems, body image & depression

  Physical health is good in this age group when compared to other age groups.
• ATSI perspectives on H & W

  • view H & W in a holistic manner 

  • not just the physical wellbeing of an individual but the social, environmental and cultural wellbeing of the WHOLE community, which each individual is able to achieve their full potential
• YLD

  Years of Life Lost due to Disability (non-fatal component of DALY)
• YLL

  Years of Life Lost due to premature death (fatal component of DALY)
• Maternal Mortality Rates

  Relates to the deaths of mothers as a result of pregnancy/childbirth, up to 6 weeks after delivery (causes include: cardiovascular disease & obstetric hemorrhage)
• Burden of disease

  A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, it specifically measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free disability & disease (measured in DALY)
• DALY equation

  DALY = YLL + YLD (DALY calculates burden of disease in by 1 year)
• Infant Mortality

  Measures the rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.
• Mortality Rate

  The measurement of the proportion of a population who die in a 'one year period' (usually per 100 000)
• HALE equation

  HALE = life expectancy - no. of years living in unhealthy states
• Life Expectancy Limitations

  (+) Useful when comparing populations & identify potential improvements +

  (-) does not give an indication of the quality of life
• Self Assessed Health Status

  A commonly used indicator and perception of his or her own health and wellbeing often collected from population surveys and provides an indication of the overall level being experienced in relation to physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual health

  (fast, affordable, efficient)
• Mortality

  Refers to the number of deaths, often at a population level.​
• HALE (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy)

  A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
• Life Expectancy

  An indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
• Health Status

  An individual's or population's overall level of health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, levels of disease risk factors.
• Prevalence

  The total number of proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition in a population at a given time.
• Incidence

  Refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period​ (usually a 12 month period)
• Morbidity

  Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group​
• Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)

  Measures the number of children that die before their fifth birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.
• Core Activity Limitation

  If an individual has difficulty in any of these areas, it is known as core activity limitation. Can be due to injury, developmental problems, chronic illness ​
• Core Activities

  • Self care (bathing/dressing/eating)
  • Mobility (moving around)
  • Communication in own language (understanding and being understood)
• Rates of Hospitalisation

  Gives an indication of levels of ill health that require medical treatment.
• Psychological Distress

  Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that have an impact on individuals' feelings/emotions.