Nutrition- Intro+ Carbohydrates

• Macromolecules are very large molecules made out of smaller molecules linked together, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
• Macronutrients are substances required in large quantities, including carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
• Micronutrients are substances required in small quantities, such as vitamins and minerals
• Metabolism is the total amount of chemical reactions that happen in an organism, including both synthesis and decomposition reactions
• Carbohydrates function as short-term energy storage and are a major source of energy
• Monosaccharides are single sugars, examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose
• Glucose is found in corn syrup

  <|>Fructose is found in fruit and honey

  <|>Galactose is found in milk and yogurt
• Disaccharides are two sugars, examples include sucrose, maltose, and lactose
• Sucrose is made of glucose and fructose, found in cane sugar

  <|>Lactose is made of glucose and galactose, found in milk

  <|>Maltose is made of two glucose molecules, from starch digestion
• Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates with more than two sugars, examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose
• Starch is a type of polysaccharide used for energy storage
• Cellulose provides fiber or roughage in our diet
• Dehydration synthesis occurs when two monosaccharides are combined in a condensation reaction, removing one water molecule
• Hydrolysis reaction splits a disaccharide into two monosaccharides by adding one water molecule