Broiler

• FACTORS IN BROILER RAISING

  1. MARKET OUTLET
  2. REGULAR SUPPLY OF GOOD BROILER CHICKS
  3. Constant supply of good feeds, feed supplements and essential medicines
  4. Capitalization
• 1. MARKET OUTLET

  All the produce should be marketable with reasonable profit at proper time. There should be an assured market before venturing into the business
• Why broilers should not be kept longer than 8 weeks?

  • Feed conversion decreases as the broiler becomes older.
  • Broilers become oversized, not easily marketed or saleable, and price becomes low market demand 1.0 - 1.5 kg.
  • There are some physiological changes relative to reproductive function. There is a change in physical conformation due to sex difference.
• 2. REGULAR SUPPLY OF GOOD

  BROILER CHICKS

  • Profits in broiler raising come from a good number of b raised at one time, followed at close intervals regularly, from batch to batch and through the years.
  • It should be programmed 5-6 batches within a year with 2-4 weeks interval for cleaning disinfecting and preparing for the next batch.
• STRAINS OF BROILER DAY-OLD CHICKS (The Philippine

  Recommends for Broiler Production 2023)

  strain - suppliers

  1. ROSS - San Miguel Foods, Inc., Tyson agro Ventures Inc.
  2. COBB - Cobb Vantress Phils, Phil-Malay, San Miguel Foods, Inc.
  3. HYBRO - Swift foods, Inc, Tyson Agro-Ventures Corp.
  4. AVIAN - Swift foods, Inc
  5. HUBBARD - Universal Robina Corp. Mat Agro
  6. STARBRO - universal Robin Corp.
• 3. Constant supply of good feeds, feed supplements and essential medicines

  • Feed is the biggest item in the operational cost. The quality of feed is always reflected in the growth of broilers.
  • Feed must be available all the time. The modern stock of broilers responds very well to feed supplements and additives that influence fast growth. The birds also benefit much from medical treatment in cases of stress conditions that may be unexpectedly encountered.
  • Biological preparations like vaccines must always be available to be able to follow the cardinal rules of disease prevention.
• 4. Capitalization

  Broiler raising needs intensive capital; returnsare quick but investments are high.
• II. SYSTEMS OF OPERATIONS

  1. All-in-all out system
  2. Two stage operation
  3. Multiple stage broiler operation
• 1. All-in-all out system

  • Only broilers of one age are being raised and all of them are sold at the same time.
  • This is most desirable to effect a simple disease control measure, specially if in one locality, community or area, there will be no other age groups of birds.
• • The all-in-all out system can be so exclusive of one farm and it can be effective if there is no neighbour who is also raising broilers.
  • If an all-in-all-out program is followed, 5-6 batches can be raised in one year.
• 2. Two stage operation

  • Two age groups of broiler are being kept in the farm. It calls for separate brooder house and grower house.
• 2. Two stage operation

  Advantages:

  1. More efficient utilization of the house.
  2. More efficient utilization of brooder facilities; during brooding (all-in-all-out system)- growing house is idle
  3. More broilers can be raised (double the all-in-all out) during theYear
  4. More frequent intervals of selling broilers

  Disadvantages:

  1. Two separate houses must be constricted
  2. Transferring the broiler from the brooder to the grower house can be stressful to the chicks.More labor is required.
• 3. Multiple stage broiler operation

  • Various ages of broiler chickens.
  • This is similar to the two stage broiler operation except that there should be more units to facilitate as many stages or accommodate various ages of broilers.
• III. TYPES OF OPERATIONS

  
  

  1. INTEGRATED GROWER FARM
  2. CONTRACT GROWER FARMS
  3. INDEPENDENT COMMERCIAL GROWER FARMS
  4. CONTRACT BREEDING FARMS
  5. INDEPENDENT OR COMMERCIAL BREEDER
• 1. INTEGRATED GROWER FARM

  -farms that breed, hatch, grow and market their own products at their own expense.

  
  

  • San Miguel Corporation

  • Bounty Agro-Ventures

  • Charoen Pokphand Foods Corp

  .•RDF Fresh Options
• 2. CONTRACT GROWER FARMS - farms that grow chickens for the integrator.

  • Contract growing is a scheme whereby a grower enters into a contract with an integrator to grow broilers up to a marketable age of about 36-42 days-The grower is assured at least 5 batches (crops) a year.
• CONTRACT GROWER FARMS

  
  

  Grower/Farmer's Roles:

  • the housing, -labor -land,-feeding and watering equipment, -brooders, -water,-fuel,-lighting and-litter materials for the chickens up to harvestable age

  
  

  Contractor/Integrator's Roles:

  • A minimum of 10,000 meat type chicks, -35,000 kg feeds, -vaccines, -diagnostic lab services, and-farm planning, particularly to a new applicant at no cost.

  Example : bounty fresh , magnolia , cpf
• INDEPENDENT COMMERCIAL GROWER FARMS - farms that buy broiler chicks at current market prices and mix their own feeds. They raise and market their own birds by themselves.
• CONTRACT BREEDING FARMS - farms that produce hatching eggs for companies that supply the Parent Stocks (PS) and feed and buy back the hatching eggs at pre-arranged price.
• INDEPENDENT OR COMMERCIAL BREEDER FARMS - farms that buy PS and sell hatching eggs and/or day-old chicks to commercial growers.
• IV. SIZE OF FARM OPERATIONS

  1. LARGE COMMERCIAL FARMS
  2. MEDIUM COMMERCIAL FARMS
  3. SMALL COMMERCIAL FARMS
  4. SMALLHOLD/BACKYARD FARMS
• LARGE COMMERCIAL FARMS - farms that produce 100,000 or more broilers per harvest
• MEDIUM COMMERCIAL FARMS - farms that produce 21,000 - 99,000 broilers per harvest
• SMALL COMMERCIAL FARMS - farms that produce1,000 - 20,000 broilers per harvest
• SMALLHOLD/BACKYARD FARMS - farms that produce not more than 1,000 broilers per harvest
• What should the production indices be?

  • 30-40 g DOC
  • 1.2-1.3 kg at 28 days
  • 1.65 kgs at 35 days
  • 1.8 kgs 38 days
• Basic Requirements for a Broiler House:

  1. Provide the essential requirements for comfort, biosecurity, and protection of the chickens against the elements of nature.
  2. Provide convenience and ease of work for the caretakers.
  3. Provide strength and durability to allow maximization of investments.
  4. Use locally available and cheap construction materials without sacrificing durability and comfort.
• Floor Types:

  • SLATTED-FLOOR TYPE
  • LITTER-FLOOR TYPE
  • Other Housing Requirements
• SLATTED-FLOOR TYPE

  • provides better ventilation and more convenient waste handling (bamboo, ratan, wood, etc)
  • Elevated for sample ventilation
  • Space between slats: 2.5 - 3.8cm (1 - 1.5 in)
  • Slat width 2.5cm
  • Plastic net / fish net - 2.5 cm holes as overlays to slatted floor
  • Post concrete 20.3 cm (8 inch diameter)
• LITTER-FLOOR TYPE

  • Locally available litter materials e.g. rice hull, and rice straw are commonly used
  • Thought to minimize coccidiosis
  • Limits stress
  • Types of litter used will depend upon the availability, suitability and economics
  • Maintain a moisture content of 20-25% Below 20% level - dust problem Over 25% level - litter becomes wet and caked
  • The thickness of litter - 3-4in over the floor
• Other Housing Requirements:

  • Houses for broilers are generally long but narrow in width constructed at east to west orientation to minimize exposure to direct sunlight Width: 7.3 - 9.0m (24-30 ft)Space between houses: at least 13.7m(47 ft) Floor height (slatted type): 1.8m (5.91) to minimize ammonia build up.
  • The height from the floor to the ceiling 2.4m(8ft) to allow optimum ventilation concrete posts 20.3 cm dm (slatted type).
• Broiler Feeding

  AGE (DAYS) TYPE OF FEEDS CP%

  1-14 Chick Booster 22%

  15-30 Broiler Starter 21%

  31-45 Broiler Finisher 18%
• Broiler Feeder Space Requirements

  • Day old to 14 days - 2.5cm per bird
  • 15 days to 42 days - 4.5cm per bird
  • 43 days to market - 7.5cm per bird
• Feeder Height

  • Maintain the height of all feeders so that the lip of the feeders is level with the back of the birds.
  • When using trough feeders, never fill 1/2 full and fill feeders 3-4 times a day to stimulate consumption and prevent feed wastage.
• Average Feed Consumption, Average Daily Gain, and Feed Type

  
  

  AGE DAYS AFC (g/day) ADG (g) FEED TYPE

  1-10 24.60 24.50 Broiler booster

  11-24 67.10 45.00 Broiler starter

  25-30 115.00 65.00 Broiler finisher I

  31-42 136.25 64.50 Broiler finisher II
• Based on total feed consumption:

  PRESTARTER = 15%; STARTER -35%; FINISHER - 50%
• Drinking Water

  • Drinking water should be available to the birds 24 hours a day.
  • Provide supplementary drinkers for the first 4 days of a flock's life.
  • Monitor the feed-to-water ratio daily to check that water intake is sufficient.
  • Make allowances for increased water consumption at high temperatures.
  • Flush drinker lines in hot weather to ensure that the water is as cool as possible.
  • Adjust drinker heights daily.
  • Provide adequate drinker space and ensure that drinkers are easily