Kingdoms of life

• What are the five kingdoms of life excluding viruses?

  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?

  They are not classified as living organisms
• What type of cells make up eukaryotic organisms?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key feature of eukaryotic cells?

  DNA is in the form of chromosomes
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  Bacteria are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

  5 to 10 million species
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular and heterotrophs
• How many cells is an adult human estimated to be made up of?

  Around 40 trillion cells
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis from sunlight
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  Around 300,000 species
• What distinguishes fungi from plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize
• What is the term for fungi that feed using saprotrophic nutrition?

  Saprotrophs
• What is mycelium in fungi?

  A body made of thread-like structures
• What can some fungi cause in humans?

  Diseases like athlete's foot
• What do the terms protists and protista refer to?

  They refer to the same kingdom of organisms
• What is a common characteristic of most protists?

  They are unicellular organisms
• How do some protists obtain energy?

  Through photosynthesis or consuming others
• Where can bacteria be found?

  Almost everywhere, including on skin
• What do most bacteria feed on?

  Other living or dead organisms
• How do some bacteria differ from others?

  Some can photosynthesize, others cannot
• What is the size comparison of viruses to bacteria?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A protein coat surrounding genetic material
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Inside living cells of other organisms
• Why are viruses considered parasites?

  They depend on other organisms to reproduce
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

  Eukaryotic:

  • Have a nucleus
  • DNA in chromosomes
  • Larger size

  
  

  Prokaryotic:

  • No nucleus
  • DNA is loose
  • Smaller size
• What are the characteristics of fungi?

  • Can be multicellular or unicellular
  • Heterotrophs, cannot photosynthesize
  • Feed using saprotrophic nutrition
  • Some can be pathogens
• What are the characteristics of viruses?

  • Not living organisms
  • Composed of a protein coat and genetic material
  • Reproduce only inside living cells
  • Always cause harm to hosts
• What is the significance of understanding the differences between these groups of organisms?

  • Helps categorize living organisms
  • Aids in understanding ecosystems
  • Important for studying diseases and health
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthesize
  • Fungi: multicellular/ unicellular, heterotrophs, saprotrophs
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, varied energy sources
  • Bacteria: unicellular, diverse habitats, some pathogenic