to show structure

• -Celui, celle, ceux, celles - replaces a specific noun which has been mentioned or is obvious from context, in order to avoid repeating it. -They agree in gender and number with the nouns they replace. -Show the gender - plural matrix:
• -celui de, celle de, ceux de, celles de show possession. -Example: Do you like Julie's Voice/I prefer Sandra's (that of Sandra). Est-ce que tu aimes la voix de Julie?/Je préfère celle de Sandra. -Example: Pierre's eyes are blue./Antoine's are green. Les yeux de Pierre sont bleus./ Ceux d'Antoine sont verts.
• - -ci and -là can be added to the demonstrative pronouns to indicate nearness (-ci) or farness (-là) -Example: Do you prefer this one or that one? Tu préfères celui-ci ou celui-là?
• -celui qui, celle qui, ceux qui, and celles qui introduce a relative clause in which they are used as subjects. -Example: Here's your shirt. The one that is on the bed belongs to your father. Voici ta chemise. Celle qui est sur le lit est à ton père. -Example: Those who ate the fish are all sick. Ceux qui ont mangé le poisson sont tous malades.
• -celui que, celle que, ceux que, and celles que introduce a relative clause in which they are used as direct objects. -Example: That boy is my son. The one you saw yesterday. Ce garçon est mon fils. Celui que tu as vu hier est mon neveu. -Example: These dresses are very beautiful but the one that I prefer is over there. These dresses are very beautiful but the one that I prefer is over there.
• Celui dont, celle dont, ceux dont, and celles dont introduce a relative clause in which the verb takes an object introduced by the preposition de. Example: You don't know the one I'm talking about. Tu ne connais pas celui dont je parle. Example: Those whose names begin with an A will be the first. Ceux dont le nom commence par À seront les premiers.
• Ceci (this) and cela (that) are invariable demonstrative pronouns; they refer to things that don't have a specific gender like ideas or statements Example: Take this with you Prends ceci avec toi Example: That is completely ridiculous! Cela est complètement ridicule!
• Ça Can be used in familiar or conversational style, in place of cela.
• Outline the object pronoun pyramid.
• "Outline the object pronoun ""arrowhead"" for command verbs. "
• What is a direct object pronoun? Takes place of direct object noun (noun receiving an action)
• You see the girl --> You see her Tu vois la fille --> Tu la vois.
• What are the 9 direct object pronouns?
• She knows me. Elle me connaît We will help you. Nous t'aiderons. We see her. Nous la voyons He helps us. Il nous aide You know them. Tu les connais
• What are indirect objects? People/thing in which the verb affects -rule: if a preposition (à or de) comes before the object (person), it is an indirect object. If there is no preposition before the object (person), it is a direct object. For example: I talk to my daughter = Je parle à ma fille which becomes Je lui parle.
• What are the 9 indirect object pronouns?
• I'm talking to him/her. Je lui parle. She buys toys for them. Elle leur achète des jouets
• What are the two adverbial pronouns? En and y
• "What does ""en"" replace? a partitive article (du, de la, de l', or des) + noun OR de+indefinite article (un, une) + noun"
• "What is ""en"" equivalent to in English? ""Some"", ""Any"", or ""One"" For example: (Do you have any sugar) Est-ce que tu as du sucre? answered with Oui, j'en ai (Do you need a computer) As-tu besoin d'un ordinateur? answered with Oui, j'en ai besoin."
• "What does ""en"" replace in a sentence with an adverb of quantity + noun? Replaces the noun, and the adverb is placed at the end of the sentence. For example: (There are many tomatoes.) Il y a beaucoup de tomates becomes Il y en a beaucoup. (I don't have enough money.) Je n'ai pas assez d'argent becomes Je n'en ai pas assez. (I'd like three books.) Je voudrais trois livres becomes J'en voudrais trois (She bought twenty bottles.) Elle a acheté vingt bouteilles becomes Elle en a acheté vingt."
• "What does ""en"" replace with verbs and expressions that need de in a ""de"" + noun situation? The ""de"" and noun For example: (What do you think about this project?) Que pensez-vous de ce projet? Becomes Qu'en pensez-vous? (What do you think about it) (We talked about a movie) Nous avons parlé d'un film. Becomes Nous en avons parlé (we talked about it)"
• "What does the french adverbial pronouns ""y"" refer to? a previously mentioned or implied place - translated by ""there"" in English What does ""y"" usually replace? replaces prepositional phrase beginning with prepositions of a place like ""à"", ""chez"", ""dans"", etc... For example: (Are you going to school today?) Tu vas à l'école aujourd'hui? Is answered by Non, j'y vais demain (No I'm going (there) tomorrow) (They were at Paul's house.) Elles étaient chez Paul. Becomes Elles y étaient"
• "What does ""y"" replace in an ""à"" + noun situation where the noun is not a person? the ""à"" + noun For example: (We attended the meeting) Nous avons assisté à la réunion. Becomes Nous y avons assisté (We attended it) (I'm going to think about your proposal.) Je vais réfléchir à ta proposition. Becomes Je vais y réfléchir (I'm going to think about it)"
• Finish Finir de + infinitive I finished getting dressed. J'ai fini de m'habiller
• To speak about Parler de + noun I speak about a football match. Je parle du match de foot.
• "Using ""think"" to ask about someone's opinion Penser de What do you think about Arsenal's performance this week-end? Qu'est ce que tu penses de la performance d'Arsenal ce week-end?"
• To try something essayer de + infinitive I try to do something. J'essaie de faire quelque chose. I try not to fall when I'm drunk. J'essaie de ne pas tomber quand je suis bourré
• Synonym for essayer de (attempt to - emphasizes the difficulty)Tenter de+ infinitive I attempt to lift these weights for the first time. Je tente de soulever ces poids pour la première fois.
• To be likely to/it's likely that (to be in danger of) Risquer de + infinitive I'm in danger of being late. Je risque d'être en retard.
• To allow, to make something possible, to give the opportunity to do somethingPermettre de+ verbe à l'infinitif This tracking number allows me to follow my package. Ce numéro de suivi me permet de suivre mon colis. Youtube allows us to create and download our own videos. Youtube nous permet de créer et de télécharger nos propres vidéos.
• When is the subjonctif used?
• "Outline a subjunctive for ""an obligation"". "
• "Outline a subjunctive for a ""desire"". "
• "Outline a subjunctive for a ""possibility"". "
• "Outline a subjunctive for a ""doubt"". "
• "Outline four subjunctives for a ""feeling"". "
• "Outline a subjunctive for ""appreciation"". "
• Croire, penser, trouver, être sûr are all indicative verbs, however, the become subjunctive with negation.
• How do you form subjunctive?