pituitary and pineal

Cards (27)

  • the pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called
    sella tursica
  • adenohypophysis consists of
    pars distalis and pars intermedia
  • pars distalis is the anterior pituitory
  • neurohypophysis (pars nervosa) is also called posterior pituitary
  • over-secretion of GH stimulates abnormal growth of the body leading to gigantism
  • under-secretion of GH results in stunted growth and pituitary dwarfism
  • excess secretion of GH in adults leads to severe disfigurement of face which results in acromegaly
  • prolactin regulates growth of mammary glands and formation of milk in them
  • TSH stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland
  • ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids
  • LH and FSH are called
    gonadotrophins
  • in males, LH stimulates synthesis and secretion of androgens from testis
  • LH and interstitial cells both produce
    androgens
  • in males, FSH and androgens regulate
    spermatogenesis
  • in females, LH induces ovulation of fully mature follicles and maintains the corpus luteum after ovulation
  • in females, FSH stimulates the growth of the follicles
  • MSH is secreted by
    pars intermedia
  • MSH acts on melanocytes and regulates pigmentation of skin
  • posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones called
    oxytocin and vasopressin
  • posterior pituitary hormones are actually synthesized by the
    hypothalamus
  • oxytocin acts on smooth muscles and stimulate their contraction
  • oxytocin stimulates vigorous contraction of uterus at the time of childbirth AND ejection of milk from the mammary glands
  • vasopressin stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes from the the distal tubules of kidney and thereby reduces loss of water through urine
  • vasopressin prevents diuresis and thus also called ADH
  • impairment affecting ADH secretion results diminished ability of kidney to conserve water and results in water loss and dehydration. this condition is known as
    diabetes insipidus
  • pineal gland is located on the
    dorsal side of forebrain
  • melatonin maintains normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, metabolism, pigmentation and menstrual cycle