ch 5 hazards associated with pesticide use

• Factors influencing pesticide leaching: Cultural Practices

  • amount and type of pesticide
  • method of pesticide application
  • irrigation practices at treatment site, frequency and timing of irrigation
• Factors influencing pesticide leaching: Geological conditions of treatment area

  • slope
  • underlying formations
  • proximity of surface water channels (ponds, lakes, rivers)
• Factors influencing pesticide leaching: Interaction of pesticides in Soil

  • water solubility
  • volatility
  • soil adsorption
  • decomposition
  • soil texture
  • soil organic matter content
  • soil water content
• What is Phytotoxicity?

  Harmful effect of chemicals on plants.
• Which of the following is the MOST frequent route of pesticide exposure among pesticide workers?

  • oral
  • dermal (skin)
  • inhalation
  • skin

  Dermal (skin)
• Which formulation offers the greatest potential for dermal absorption?

  Oil-soluble formulations
• Which of the following is NOT a factor in the soil-leaching ability of a pesticide?

  • time of application
  • chemical nature of pesticide
  • soil type
  • pesticide's persistence

  time of application
• Which of the following practices will reduce environmental contamination by pesticide?

  • make frequent applications
  • avoid non-chemical control methods
  • reduce frequency of applications
  • use maximum allowable rates of pesticide at all times

  reduce frequency of applications
• Not using a back flow device when filling spray tanks...

  may result in serious contamination of the water source
• Insect predators and parasites and honey bees are all considered...

  beneficials
• The seriousness of an injury caused by pesticide exposure usually is related to the

  toxicity and dose of the pesticide
• Which of the following is the most important factor in pesticide drift?

  • wind/air movement
  • droplet size
  • spray pressure
  • distance droplets must travel

  wind/air movement
• The most important step when pesticide spill occurs is to...

  protect people and animals in the area from contact with the material
• The main reason food containers should not be used for measuring or storing pesticides is...

  people may mistake the contents for something to eat or drink
• Which would be a factor influencing groundwater contamination?

  • chemical nature of the pesticide
  • speed at which pesticide is applied
  • spray pressure
  • low wind speed during application

  chemical nature of the pesticide
• In addition to the pesticide active ingredient, etching of surfaces exposed to a pesticide application may be caused by...

  inert ingredients
• One way to reduce pesticide damage to natural enemies and beneficial insects is to avoid...

  pesticides that are more toxic to beneficials
• Which of the following could contribute to phytotoxicity problems when spraying a pesticide onto plants?

  • adequate plant water/nutrients
  • temp and humidity at the time of application
  • low application rates
  • over-dilution of the pesticide mixture

  temp and humidity at the time of application
• Certain pesticides are more likely to cause groundwater contamination if they... breakdown slowly.
• Who is most at risk for pesticide exposure?

  people who handle pesticides because they work closely and frequently with them