The process that allows autotrophs to produce their own energy. Chlorophyll (a chemical in the leaves) takes the energy from the sunlight, and mixes it with water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen which can be used in cellular respiration.
Cells
Cells are the basic buildingblocks of life and first appeared 3.5 billion years ago. Differences such as size, shape, contents and organisation can change the classification of a cell. All cells perform functions to keep the organism they belong to alive.
Unicellular
When an organism is made up of one cell.
Multicellular
When an organism is made up of manycells.
Cell sizes do vary, however all cells are microscopic. Cells are small because they must be able to quickly take in substances and remove waste and other substances.
CellTheory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life and structure, and new cells are created from existing cells.
Prokaryotes
Made up of cells that donotcontain a nucleus or othermembrane-boundorganelles. They reproducequickly and were the firsttype of organism to appear on earth.
Eukaryotes
Made up of cells which contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
AnimalCells
Round or irregular in shape, have no set structure, one or more small vacuoles and are held together by a cell membrane. Smaller than plant cells
Plant Cells
They have a strong cellulose cell wall and a large central vacuole filled with cell sap. Some also contain chloroplasts, which enable them to make their own food through photosynthesis. Chrloropyll in the Chloroplast is what makes the leaves green. They have a regular fixed shape and are bigger than animal cells.
Mitochondria
Found in both animals and plants. The powerhouse of the cell, where energy is released from food through cellularrespiration which uses both oxygen and glucose.
Ribosomes
Exists in animals and plants. Microscopic factories that produce the proteins (enzymes) used by the body for growth and repair, and regulates chemicalreactions important for life. It floats in the cytosol.
Lysosomes
The garbagedisposal units that getrid of wastes from the cell. Can only be found in animalcells.
EndoplasmicReticulum
Form pathways that allow materials to move quickly and easily through the cell, like a telephoneexchange, and are situated around the nucleus. A common component in cells of animals and plants.
Nucleus
Controlcenter of the cell, contains the DNA and controls the chemical reactions that occur in the cell. Nuclei are an essential part animals and plant cells.
Vacuole
Contains wastes or materials that are moved around the cell. In plants, there is always one, and it is large and central. Whereas in animals, the it may be small, not there, or there may be multiple.
Golgi body
Located in the cells of animals and plants, the golgi body, (also known as the golgi apparatus), helps process and packageproteins.
Cytoplasm
Jelly-likematerial outside the cell nucleus inside the cellmembrane where all the organelles are located. The fluid inside is called Cytosol.
Chloroplast
A component found only in a plant cell, which is charged with the task of creating energy via photosynthesis. This is where chlorophyll is found which makes leaves green.
Cellwall
Notfound in animals, the cell wall is the outermost layer of a plant cell and gives the plant structure and proection, while keeping it upright. It is made of cellulose.
Organelle
A subcellular structure that has one or more jobs to complete inside of a cell.
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell enabling the delivery of nutrients and substances into and out of the cell, and the removal of wastes. Found in animals and plants. It diffuses oxygen and carbondioxide in and out of the cell.
EndoplasmicReticulum
Small Vacuole
Nucleus
Lysosome
Mitocondria
Ribosomes
GolgiBody
Organ System
Two or more organs working together
Organs
Structure that contain 2 or more types of tissues working together.
Tissues
Groups of cells that perform the same function.
The human body is made up of 20 different types of cells, each having a different function.
Cellular Respiration
When cells use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide to break glucose down into energy. This occurs in mitocondria.