Organelles

• What are the 7 life processes? (MRSGREN)


  Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
• Photosynthesis


  The process that allows autotrophs to produce their own energy. Chlorophyll (a chemical in the leaves) takes the energy from the sunlight, and mixes it with water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen which can be used in cellular respiration.
• Cells


  Cells are the basic building blocks of life and first appeared 3.5 billion years ago. Differences such as size, shape, contents and organisation can change the classification of a cell. All cells perform functions to keep the organism they belong to alive.
• Unicellular


  When an organism is made up of one cell.
• Multicellular


  When an organism is made up of many cells.
• Cell sizes do vary, however all cells are microscopic. Cells are small because they must be able to quickly take in substances and remove waste and other substances.
• Cell Theory


  All organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life and structure, and new cells are created from existing cells.
• Prokaryotes


  Made up of cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. They reproduce quickly and were the first type of organism to appear on earth.
• Eukaryotes


  Made up of cells which contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
• Animal Cells


  Round or irregular in shape, have no set structure, one or more small vacuoles and are held together by a cell membrane. Smaller than plant cells
• Plant Cells

  They have a strong cellulose cell wall and a large central vacuole filled with cell sap. Some also contain chloroplasts, which enable them to make their own food through photosynthesis. Chrloropyll in the Chloroplast is what makes the leaves green. They have a regular fixed shape and are bigger than animal cells.
• Mitochondria


  Found in both animals and plants. The powerhouse of the cell, where energy is released from food through cellular respiration which uses both oxygen and glucose.
• Ribosomes


  Exists in animals and plants. Microscopic factories that produce the proteins (enzymes) used by the body for growth and repair, and regulates chemical reactions important for life. It floats in the cytosol.
• Lysosomes


  The garbage disposal units that get rid of wastes from the cell. Can only be found in animal cells.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum


  Form pathways that allow materials to move quickly and easily through the cell, like a telephone exchange, and are situated around the nucleus. A common component in cells of animals and plants.
• Nucleus


  Control center of the cell, contains the DNA and controls the chemical reactions that occur in the cell. Nuclei are an essential part animals and plant cells.
• Vacuole


  Contains wastes or materials that are moved around the cell. In plants, there is always one, and it is large and central. Whereas in animals, the it may be small, not there, or there may be multiple.
• Golgi body

  Located in the cells of animals and plants, the golgi body, (also known as the golgi apparatus), helps process and package proteins.
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like material outside the cell nucleus inside the cell membrane where all the organelles are located. The fluid inside is called Cytosol.
• Chloroplast


  A component found only in a plant cell, which is charged with the task of creating energy via photosynthesis. This is where chlorophyll is found which makes leaves green.
• Cell wall


  Not found in animals, the cell wall is the outermost layer of a plant cell and gives the plant structure and proection, while keeping it upright. It is made of cellulose.
• Organelle


  A subcellular structure that has one or more jobs to complete inside of a cell.
• Cell Membrane


  Controls what enters and exits the cell enabling the delivery of nutrients and substances into and out of the cell, and the removal of wastes. Found in animals and plants. It diffuses oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the cell.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum

  
• Small Vacuole

  
• Nucleus

  
• Lysosome

  
• Mitocondria

  
• Ribosomes

  
• Golgi Body

  
• Organ System


  Two or more organs working together
• Organs


  Structure that contain 2 or more types of tissues working together.
• Tissues


  Groups of cells that perform the same function.
• The human body is made up of 20 different types of cells, each having a different function.
• Cellular Respiration


  When cells use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide to break glucose down into energy. This occurs in mitocondria.
• What Living Things Must do to be Living

  Fulfill MRSGREN and be made up of cells.
• Large Vacuole

  
• This is a chloroplast.