Rizal

• Rizal's life, works, and writings are the focus of your study
• Preliminary coverage includes Rizal's life, works, and writings
• Jose Rizal's full name is José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
• He was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
• Rizal is considered a national hero in the Philippines for his role in the country's fight for independence from Spanish colonial rule
• His two most famous novels are "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," which exposed the injustices of Spanish rule in the Philippines
• Rizal was executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan, now known as Luneta Park, Manila
• Jose Rizal is a unique example of a many splendored genius who became the greatest Hero of a nation
• Endowed by God with versatile gifts, he truly ranked with the world's geniuses
• Rizal was a physician (ophthalmic surgeon) and also a poet, dramatist, essayist, novelist, historian, architect, painter, sculptor, educator, linguist, musician, naturalist, ethnologist, surveyor, engineer, farmer, businessman, economist, geographer, cartographer, bibliophile, philologist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher, translation, inventor, magician, humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveller, and a prophet
• Rizal was a hero and political martyr who consecrated his life for the redemption of his oppressed people
• Rizal was declared as the Philippine National Hero under the Philippine Revolutionary Government headed by Emilio Aguinaldo in Malolos, Bulacan
• Rizal was chosen by the Taft Commission to become the National Hero
• Criteria of a National Hero:

  • He must be a Filipino
  • He is already Dead
  • He has Immeasurable Love for the country
  • He has Low Temper
  • He died in a Dramatic Manner
• Rizal became the greatest Filipino because he is a man of honor
• Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba Laguna
• Jose Rizal was the 7th of the 11th children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda
• The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was used by Domingo Lamco, the paternal great-grandfather of Dr. Jose Rizal
• The Rizal family belonged to the "Principalia", a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines
• The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life
• As a young boy, Rizal had a pleasant memory of Calamba, Laguna, where he played and enjoyed the nature and people of the town
• The Rizal Law was created to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels, the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• R.A. No. 1425 mandates that courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, must be included in all curricula of schools, colleges, and universities, both public and private
• Original or unexpurgated editions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translations must be used as basic texts in collegiate courses
• All educational institutions must keep an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as Rizal's other works and biography in their libraries
• The preamble of R.A. No. 1425 emphasizes the need for a rededication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which heroes, including Rizal, lived and died
• Rizal is identified in the preamble as a hero who devoted his life to shaping the national character
• Rizal's novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are recognized as an inspiring source of patriotism that should be taught to young people, especially in their formative years
• The preamble highlights the state's role in supervising educational institutions to teach students moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and the duties of citizenship
• Senate Bill 438 declares Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as compulsory reading material in all public and private schools, colleges, and universities in the Philippines
• The Department of Education is tasked with promulgating rules and regulations for the immediate implementation of the provisions of this Act
• Any public or private college or university found violating or failing to comply with the provisions of this Act will be punished accordingly
• Father Horacio de la Costa, S.J., a supporter of the Rizal Bill, acknowledged historical mistakes in the Catholic Church and emphasized that Rizal's works exposed abuses within the Church, attributing them to individual clergymen rather than the entire clergy
• The Spanish period helped in creating the Filipino Identity
• The first book published was the Doctrina Christiana by the Dominicans in 1591
• The Doctrina Christiana contained catechisms written in Tagalog, Spanish, and Chinese, printed in baybayin, Latin letters, and Chinese
• Religious literature became involved in the development of Nationalism
• The Spanish introduced secular literature that appealed to the natives, such as the stories of "Bernardo Carpio"
• The Katipuneros borrowed the story of Bernardo Carpio for their cause
• The Comedian had a nationalist effect on the indios with the work "Florante at Laura" by Francisco Balagtas