Topic 1 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

• What are the organic compound in bodies?

  Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids
• What are the inorganic compounds important for cells?

  Water, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Minerals
• What do carbohydrates contain?

  C, H, O
• What do carbohydrates do?

  Energy source for organisms
• What are the types of carbohydrates?

  Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
• What do lipids contain?

  C, H, O and P or N
• What are the groups of lipids?

  Triglycerides and Phospholipids
• What are triglycerides made of?

  3 fatty acids and glycerol
• What are phospholipids made of?

  2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol and 1 phosphate groups
• What do proteins contain?

  C, H, O, N and usually S
• What are proteins made up of?

  Amino acids
• What are the types of proteins?

  Structural proteins, enzymes, hormones, carrier molecules
• What is the purpose of nucleic acids acids?

  genetic material of organisms
• What are the types of nucleic acids?

  DNA and RNA
• What are nucleic acids made up of?

  Nucleotides
• What are the types of cellular waste?

  nitrogenous waste, water, excess ions
• What is nitrogenous waste?

  Excess proteins are deaminated into ammonia, then urea, then uric acid
• What is metabolic heat?

  Generated as by-product from metabolic reactions
• How is metabolic heat removed?

  directly into the environment or by complex internal systems
• What are the shared structure functions of all cells?

  Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA
• Are Prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

  unicellular
• What surrounds the cell membrane in Prokaryotes

  Cell Wall
• Why do prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles?

  no nucleus
• Are Eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

  Both
• Do Eukaryotes have a nucleus

  Yes
• Where is DNA in Eukaryotes?

  In the nucleus
• Where is DNA in Prokaryotes?

  DNA exists as a single circular strand as it has no nucleus
• What is a cell wall?

  A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant and bacterial cells and provides structural support and protection.
• Is a cell wall permeable?

  Fully
• What is the purpose of a nucleus?

  Genetic control and cell regulation. Contains DNA
• What and where are Ribosomes?

  Site of protein synthesis, and are attached to rough ER or floating free in cytoplasm
• Where is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

  Connected to nuclear membrane
• What is purpose of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

  Transport network
• What are the types of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

  Rough ER and Smooth ER
• What is the Rough ER?

  Studded with ribosomes and makes proteins
• What is the smooth ER?

  No ribosomes and is the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and steroids
• What is the Golgi Apparatus (Golgi bodies)?

  Stores, modifies and packages proteins into vesicles
• What is the purpose of lysosomes? What does it contain?

  Waste disposal of the cell. Contains digestive enzymes
• What is Mitochondria?

  The 'powerhouse of the cell'. Site of aerobic cellular respiration to release energy for the cell to use
• What is chloroplast?

  Found in plants. Contains chlorophyll (green pigment used to capture energy) and is the site of photosynthesis (food/glucose production)