DIGESTIVE

• Peritoneum:

  • Thin serous membrane
  • Parietal: lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
  • Visceral: covers the abdominal organs
  • Peritoneal cavity: space between the two
  • Divided into Greater Sac (main part) and Lesser sac (omental bursa)
• Ligaments and Mesentery:

  • Double layered sheets that suspend organs within the abdominal cavity and transmit vessels and nerves
• Greater Omentum:

  • Dorsal mesentery of the stomach
  • Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
  • Apronlike fold known as the "abdominal policeman"
• Ligaments:

  • Gastrodoudenal ligament: distal 2/3rd of the greater curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum
  • Gastrolienal (gastrosplenic) ligament: greater curvature of the stomach to the hilus of the spleen
  • Lienorenal ligament: hilus of the spleen to the left kidney
• Lesser omentum:

  • Ventral mesentery of the stomach
  • Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the porta hepatis of the liver
• Mesentery proper:

  • Attaches the small intestine from the duodenojejunal flexure to the ileocecal junction
• Transverse mesocolon:

  • Attaches the transverse colon from the left to the right colic flexures
  • Contains the middle colic artery and vein
• Sigmoid mesocolon:

  • Attaches to the sigmoid colon along an inverted V-shaped line from the left iliac fossa and across the pelvic brim
• Greater sac:

  • Subphrenic recess: space between the inferior surface of the diaphragm and the anterior and superior surface of the liver
  • Hepatorenal recess (Morison’s pouch): space between the right lobe of the liver and the right kidney
  • Paracolic gutters: lie lateral to the ascending and descending colons
• Lesser sac:

  • Inferior recess: extends downwards behind the stomach into the layers of the greater omentum
  • Splenic recess: extends to the left behind the stomach between the gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments
  • Superior recess: extends from the diaphragm behind the left lobe of the liver and between the inferior vena cava and esophagus
• Epiploic foramen (of Winslow):

  • Communication between the greater and lesser peritoneal sac
  • Boundaries: anteriorly - hepatoduodenal ligament, posteriorly - inferior vena cava, superiorly - caudate lobe of the liver, inferiorly - first part of the duodenum
• Level of the fourth lumbar vertebra:

  • Anterior wall is smooth with low ridges
  • Median umbilical ligament: the Urachus, remains of the fetal allantois
  • Lateral umbilical ligament: obliterated umbilical arteries
• Peritoneum:

  • Thin serous membrane
  • Parietal: lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
  • Visceral: covers the abdominal organs
  • Peritoneal cavity: space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
  • Divided into Greater Sac (main part) and Lesser sac (omental bursa)
• Ligaments and Mesentery:

  • Double-layered sheets that suspend organs within the abdominal cavity and transmit vessels and nerves
• Greater Omentum:

  • Dorsal mesentery of the stomach
  • Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
  • Apron-like fold known as the "abdominal policeman"
• Ligaments:

  • Gastrodoudenal ligament: distal 2/3rd of the greater curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum
  • Gastrolienal (gastrosplenic) ligament: greater curvature of the stomach to the hilus of the spleen
  • Lienorenal ligament: hilus of the spleen to the left kidney
• Lesser Omentum:

  • Ventral mesentery of the stomach
  • Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the porta hepatis of the liver
• Mesentery Proper:

  • Attaches the small intestine from the duodenojejunal flexure to the ileocecal junction
• Transverse Mesocolon:

  • Attaches the transverse colon from the left to the right colic flexures
  • Contains the middle colic artery and vein
• Sigmoid Mesocolon:

  • Attaches to the sigmoid colon along an inverted V-shaped line from the left iliac fossa and across the pelvic brim
• Greater Sac:

  • Subphrenic recess: space between the inferior surface of the diaphragm and the anterior and superior surface of the liver
  • Hepatorenal recess (Morison’s pouch): space between the right lobe of the liver and the right kidney
  • Paracolic gutters: lie lateral to the ascending and descending colons
• Lesser Sac:

  • Inferior recess: extends downwards behind the stomach into the layers of the greater omentum
  • Splenic recess: extends to the left behind the stomach between the gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments
  • Superior recess: extends from the diaphragm behind the left lobe of the liver and between the inferior vena cava and esophagus
• Epiploic Foramen (of Winslow):

  • Communication between the greater and lesser peritoneal sac
  • Boundaries: anteriorly: hepatoduodenal ligament, posteriorly: inferior vena cava, superiorly: caudate lobe of the liver, inferiorly: first part of the duodenum
• Level of the Fourth Lumbar Vertebra:

  • Anterior wall is smooth with low ridges
  • Median umbilical ligament: the Urachus, remains of the fetal allantois
  • Lateral Umbilical ligament: obliterated umbilical arteries