Parasitology

• Parasitology

  • area of biology concerned with the dependence of one living organism in another
  • study of the parasites of man and their medical consequences
  • methods of their diagnosis, treatment, and their prevention and control
• Symbiosis

  • a close relationship between two organisms of different species in which at least one of the organism benefit
  • the relationship may be beneficial or harmful, or it may have no effect
• Basic types of symbiosis:

  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism
• MUTUALISM

  • symbiotic relationship in which individuals from both species benefit
  • living together of two unlike organisms whose dependence on each other when broken apart life will still be possible
• COMMENSALISM

  • a symbiotic relationship in which an individual from one of the species benefits while an individual from the other species is unaffected
  • living together, but one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting another
• PARASITISM

  • a symbiotic relationship in which an organism benefits while an organism from the other species is harmed
  • a type of relationship where one lives at the expense of the other
• PARASITES

  • an organism that derives benefit from its host while harming it or even killing it
• Types of Parasites: (According to their habitat)

  • endoparasites
  • ectoparasites
  • erratic
• Endoparasites

  • type of parasite that lives inside the host
  • infection
• ectoparasites

  • type of parasite that lives outside the host
  • aka as exoparasite
  • infestation
• erratic

  • type of parasite that lives in an organ which not its usual habitat
• Accidental/Incidental

  • infect the unnatural host and still survived
• Parthenogenic

  • female parasite capable of reproducing eggs without being fertilized by man and whose eggs
  • contain larva that immediately
  • hatches
  • strong independent women parasite
• Definitive

  • aka final host
  • harbors the sexual stage of parasites, where parasites completed their development.
• intermediate

  • harbors asexual/ larval stage
• Types of Parasites: (According to their dependency on host)

  • obligate
  • facultative
• obligate

  • must live on a host otherwise parasite will die eventually
  • requires finding and invading the host to complete its life cycle
• facultative

  • may become parasitic if it is given the chance but does not require a host
  • free living state or become parasitic
• Types of Parasites: (according to the amount of time spent)

  • permanent
  • temporary
• Permanent Parasite

  • remains to hosts on almost their entire life
  • lives entire adult life stage on or in a host
  • usually endoparasites
• Temporary Parasite

  • lives in the human host for a short time
  • spends only a short time on a host
  • usually ectoparasites
• Taenia solium

  • pork tapeworm
  • lay eggs in soil
• Paratenic

  • parasite does not develop further into final stage, widens parasitic distribution from definitive and intermediate.
  • no adult form
• Reservoir

  • allows parasite to continue its life cycle and become additional sources of infection.
• Types of Host

  • definitive
  • intermediate
  • paratenic
  • reservoir
• deworming

  • use of the anthelminthic drug in a public health program
• eradication

  • permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection
• elimination

  • reduction to zero of a given infection brought only by joined efforts in a community
• ova

  • female cell within the uterus
• egg

  • female cell outside the uterus
• embryo

  • early developing stage
• larvae

  • active stage of parasites
• trophozoite

  • motile, feeding stage of the protozoan
• cyst

  • nonmotile, non-feeding stage of the protozoan.
  • Usually has wall to prevent dehydration
  • dormant stage
• encystation

  • trophozoite to cyst
• Excystation

  • cyst to trophozoite
• Asymptomatic/Intestinal/Luminal/Carrier State

  • Diloxanide Furoate
  • Metronidazole (Flagyl®)
• Symptomatic/Hepatic/Extraintestinal

  • metronidazole