rates, ratio, and vital statistics

• RATIO also called a proportion if the quotient of the sum of the two numbers.
• RATE

  • ratio involving a time

  • count or measurement is observed over a period and then divided by its base or population of observation.
• Incidence Rate

  • measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time. Deals only with NEW cases.
• INCIDENCE

  • Also known as attack rate, case, sickness rate morbidity rate
• PREVALENCE

  • It refers to the newly discovered and old cases of a particular disease over a population
• incidence is used when dealing with acute conditions and accidents
• Prevalence is used when dealing chronic conditions and disabilities
• CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

  • This is a measure of fertility of the population
• CRUDES DEATH RATE (CDR)

  • This is a measure of the risk of dying from all causes in a population.
• The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CBR)

  – statistical values that can be utilized to measure the growth or decline of a population.
• MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)

  • Measure the risk of dying due to the process of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.
• INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)

  • Measures the risk of dying due to infancy (under 1 year of age)
• NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

  • Measures the risk of dying in the first four weeks of life of the infant (newborn)
• FETAL DEATH RATE

  • Measures the risk of dying before birth
• PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE

  • The word means around the period of birth ( a month or more before births and one month

  after birth)

  • Measures the loss of life in later pregnancy and early infancy.
• Fertility Rates

  • Crude Birth rate = number of live births /Midyear population x 1000
• General Fertility Rate = Number of live birth / Midyear population of women x 1000

  (15-44 years of age)
• Crude Death rate = number of deaths / Midyear population x 100
• Specific Mortality rate = number of death in a specified group / Midyear population of the same specified group x 1000
• Cause-of-Death Rate = number of deaths from a specified cause / Midyear population x 1000
• Infant Mortality Rate= deaths under one year of age / Number of live births x 1000
• Maternal Mortality rate = number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery and puerperium / Number of live births x 100
• Proportionate Mortality rate = number of deaths from a particular cause / Total Deaths x 100
• Swaroop’s Index = Number of deaths among those 50 years and over / Total Deaths x 100
• Case Fatality rate = number of Deaths from a specified cause / Number of Cases of the same disease x 100
• Incidence Rate= number of new cases of disease developing from a period of time / Population at risk of developing the disease x 100
• Prevalence Rate= number of Old and new cases of a disease / Population examined x 100