Rocks

• solid portion of the earth

  Earth's Lithosphere
• upper layer

  Crust
• layer below the crust

  Mantle
• innermost layer, contains molten layer of rocks and nickel, temperature is about 2 200°C (outer core) solid layer of earth with tremendous pressure

  Core
• Three types of rocks:

  Igneous

  Sedimentary

  Metamorphic
• came from hardened magma or lava

  ex. granite, obsidian

  Igneous
• formed from deposition of sediments

  ex. Limestone, shale

  Sedimentary
• previously formed rocks that are transformed again into another rock due to the pressure and temperature coming from beneath the earth's surface

  ex. marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite, soapstone, phyllite, hornfels

  Metamorphic
• It is formed when an acid combines with a base in a solution

  Salt and water
• The crust is about 100km thick and is made up of mostly basaltic rock
• The mantle is about 2,909km thick and is made up of 70% silicate rocks and 30% water
• large slabs of rock that divide Earth's crust, move constantly to reshape the Earth's landscape.

  Plate Tectonics
• It is the carrying away of rocks or soil particles from one place to another

  Erosion
• The movement of the Earths crust

  Earthquake
• The actual origin of the earthquake

  Focus
• • The point or line of the earths surface
  • Directly above the center of origin

  Epicenter
• The fracture in a rocks surface

  Fault
• Is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body. It can result from an earthquake

  Seismic wave
• • The mouth or opening of the volcano
  • A funnel shaped depression at the top of a volcano

  Crater
• A broad, slightly doomed structure that resembles a warrior's shield

  Shield Volcano
• They have a steep slope, wide crater volcano

  Cinder Cone Volcano
• Known as stratovolcano, it is a large, nearly perfect sloped structure

  Composite Volcano
• It is a steam-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water

  Phreatic / Hydrothermal
• it is the most powerful explosion of a volcano

  Plinian
• No record of eruption or activity of a volcano

  Inactive Volcano
• a volcano that has not erupted recently but is expected to do so again

  Dormant