Graphene and Fullerenes

• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Graphene and fullerenes
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• What is the physical state of the allotropes discussed?

  Solid carbon
• What is the structure of graphene made up of?

  Multiple repeating hexagons
• How are the carbon atoms in graphene bonded?

  Each carbon is bonded to three other carbons
• Why is graphene strong?

  Due to its hexagonal structure and bonding
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized pool of electrons
• How can graphene be obtained?

  From the ground in the form of graphite
• What are fullerenes made from?

  Curved sheets of carbon with pentagons or heptagons
• What is one use of fullerenes in medicine?

  Delivering drugs to specific body areas
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?

  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are carbon nanotubes used for?

  Nanotechnology and electronics
• How do carbon nanotubes strengthen materials?

  By having a high length to diameter ratio
• What is the first fullerene made?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is the chemical formula of Buckminsterfullerene?

  C$_{60}$
• What is nanotechnology?

  Technology using tiny structures
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?

  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What are the main characteristics of fullerenes?

  • Allotropes of carbon
  • Hollow shapes like spheres or tubes
  • Used for various applications
• What are the differences between graphene and fullerenes?

  • Graphene: flat sheets of carbon
  • Fullerenes: hollow structures (spheres/tubes)
  • Graphene: conducts electricity well
  • Fullerenes: used for drug delivery and catalysis