test for QA (anions and cations)

• produces green ppt sodium hydroxide

  and aq ammonia

  Iron 2 (insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide and ammonia)
• produces red brown ppt in soduim hydrocide and aq ammonia

  iron 3 ( insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide and excess ammonia )
• zinc

  white ppt ( souble in excess giving colourless sol in sodium hydroxide and ammonia )
• ammonium

  ammonia produced on warming
• aluminium

  white ppt ( souble in excess sodium hydroxide colourless sol)

  insouble in excess ammonia
• calcium

  white ppt (insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide )

  no ppt in aq ammonia
• copper 2

  light blue ppt (insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide )

  (soluble in excess giving dark blur solution)
• carbonate

  add dilute acid

  effervescence is produces carbon dioxide is present
• chloride

  add dilute nitric acid then add silver nitrate

  white ppt
• iodide


  acidify with dilute nitic acid, add aq silver nitrate

  yellow ppt
• nitrate

  add aq sodium hydroxide , then aluminium foil, warm carefully ammonia produced
• sulfate

  acidify with dilute nitic acid and then add barium nitrate

  white ppt
• gas tests

  ammonia (turns damp red litmus paper blue)

  carbon dioxide ( gives white ppt with limewater)

  chlorine ( bleaches damp litmus paper)

  hydrogen ( extinguishs lighted splint with pop sound)

  oxygen ( relights a glowing splint)

  sulfur dioxide ( turns aq acidified pottasium magnate (vII) from purple to colourless )