reading and writing skills review notes

• Brainstorming technique, general use in group setting to quickly generate a large number of ideas.
• Mind Mapping: visual tool for enhancing brainstorming process, drawing a picture of the relationship among and between ideas
• The 5 Whys: effective for getting thought processes moving forward, start with a problem and ask "why" multiple times to dig deep
• Figure Storming: choose a historical or fictional figure to manage a challenge or opportunity during discussion
• Reverse Brainstorming: come up with ways to cause a problem, then solve them
• Brainstorming process: involves anonymously writing down ideas on index cards, sharing and critiquing ideas
• Rapid Ideation: ask individuals to write down as many ideas as possible in a given period
• Gap Filling: start with a statement of where you are and where you'd like to be, then fill in the gap to reach your goal
• Reverse Thinking: imagine doing the opposite of what someone else would do in your situation
• Graphic Organizers are a visual representation of knowledge that choice information by arranging important aspects of a concept or topic into a pattern using labels.Graphic Organizers are a visual representation of knowledge that choice information by arranging important aspects of a concept or topic into a pattern using labels.
• Main Idea and Details Chart: hierarchical relationship between major concepts and subordinate elements
• Concept Map: shows a central idea with corresponding characteristics
• Flow Diagram or Sequence Chart: shows a series of steps or events in order
• Compare/Contrast or Venn Diagram: identifies similarities and differences between concepts
• Cause-and-Effect Diagram: highlights direct relationships between different events or concepts
• Topic Outline: arranges ideas hierarchically in a sequence
• Sentence Outline: uses complete sentences to outline ideas
• Types of Writing:
• Narration: tells a story or event, useful for sequencing information chronologically
• Description: creates a visual presentation of a person, place, event, or action using sensory details
• Definition: explains a concept, term, or subject
• Exemplification: explains an idea by giving extended examples
• Comparison: shows how things are alike
• Contrast: shows how things are different
• Cause and Effect: explains why something happens and what happens as a result
• Problem and Solution: presents an unsatisfactory situation and its resolution
• Persuasive Paragraph: convinces readers to do or believe something
• Introduction, Body, Conclusion: structure of an essay
• Language Use:
• Root words provide basic meaning to words
• English root words commonly derived from Greek and Latin roots
• Prefixes added to the beginning of roots
• Suffixes added to the end of roots
• Appropriate Language Use: choosing the right words to accurately convey ideas
• Unbiased Language: using language free of racial, religious, and gender bias
• Direct and Simple Sentences: using language that is easy to understand
• Formal-Informal Language: determining when to use formal or informal language
• Misused Words: using words incorrectly
• Words with Unwanted Connotations: using words with specific unintended meanings
• Technical or Highfalutin Words: using technical words carefully to avoid confusion