Sts

• Sumerians developed the first writing system known as cuneiform using word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay

  • They built the City of Uruk using mud and clay mixed with reeds to make sunbaked bricks
• The Great Ziggurat of Ur was built by the Sumerians using sunbaked bricks and served as a sacred place for their chief god

  • Sumerians created dikes and irrigation canals to control flooding and bring water to farmlands
• Sumerians invented sailboats for transportation and trading

  • They later invented the wheel for farm work and food processing, making mass production easier
• The plow was invented by Mesopotamians to dig the earth faster for planting seeds

  • Sumerians developed the first roads to facilitate faster and more organized travel
• Babylonian civilization emerged from the Sumerians and continued advancements in science and technology
• Babylonian civilization emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates river
• Babylonians were great builders, engineers, and architects
• Babylonians merged near the river because water is one of their basic necessities
• One major contribution of the Babylonians is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
• No physical evidence has been found to prove the existence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• Egyptian civilization located in North Africa
• Egyptians developed a system of writing to make writing easier for the world
• Egyptians invented paper or papyrus to replace fragile clay tablets
• Egyptians invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors
• Egyptians developed a system of writing using symbols known as hieroglyphics
• Hieroglyphics was the language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient Egyptians
• Egyptians used cosmetics and wigs for health and wellness purposes
• Egyptians invented the water clock or clepsydra which utilized gravity to measure time
• Greek civilization
• Greeks made in-depth works on philosophy and mathematics
• Greeks were the first proponents of an atomic theory and Pythagorean Theorem
• Greeks invented the alarm clock and watermill
• Roman civilization
• Roman Empire was perceived as the strongest political and social entity in the west
• Roman Empire was known for its newspaper, bound books or codex, Roman architecture, and Roman numerals
• Chinese civilization
• Chinese civilization is considered the oldest civilization in Asia
• Chinese contributions include the silk industry, tea production, the Great Wall of China, and gunpowder
• Medieval/Middle Ages
• Inventions during the Middle Ages include the printing press, microscope, telescope, war weapons
• Inventions in modern times include pasteurization, petroleum refinery, telephone, calculator
• Filipino inventors have contributed inventions recognized and used globally
• Some Filipino inventions include Videoke, Salamander Amphibious Tricycle, Salt Lamp, and Medical Incubator
• Science is as old as the world itself
• The idea of scientific revolution started in the early 16th century up to the 18th century in Europe
• Scientific revolution transformed the natural world and the world of ideas
• Nicolaus Copernicus:

  • Proposed a model of the universe with the Sun at the center and the Earth and planets orbiting around it
  • Published his book in 1543, starting the scientific revolution
  • Challenged the dominant views of his time and faced opposition from the Catholic Church
• Charles Darwin:

  • Famous for his theory of evolution
  • Published his book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859
  • Introduced the idea of all organic life evolving over time, challenging religious views
• Sigmund Freud:

  • Developed the method of psychoanalysis to study the human mind and neurotic illness
  • Made significant contributions to the scientific world in understanding human nature
  • His ideas and theories are still considered influential in examining human mind and behavior
• • Developed looms for weaving cloth and rainbow paints made from minerals
  • Produced rubber products 3,000 years before Goodyear's patent in 1844
  • Used a writing system known as Mayan hieroglyphics
  • Developed a number system based on the numeral 20, concept of zero, and positional value before the Romans