Draw simple structural formulas

• What is a chemical formula?

  A way of writing what a molecule is made of
• What does a chemical formula indicate about a molecule?

  Types of elements and their quantities
• What is the first step to determine the number of atoms for each element in a chemical formula?

  Write down each element symbol from the formula
• What does a subscript number next to an element symbol indicate?

  The number of atoms of that element
• How are covalent bonds represented in molecular diagrams?

  By lines indicating shared electron pairs
• What do lone pairs of electrons represent in a molecule?

  • Non-bonding pairs of electrons
  • Found in the outer shell of atoms
  • Important for molecular shape and reactivity
• What is valence in chemistry?

  The number of electrons needed for stability
• What is the difference between a bonding pair and a lone pair of electrons?

  Bonding pairs are shared between atoms, lone pairs are not shared

  
• How are the bonding pairs and lone pairs arranged in the structure?

  • Bonding pairs are shown as lines between atoms
  • Lone pairs are shown as pairs of dots next to atoms

  
• What is the difference between molecular and structural formulas?

  • Molecular: Composition of atoms
  • Structural: Arrangement and bonding of atoms
• What is the name of the chemical structure shown in the image?

  Bonding pair and lone pair

  
• What are the molecular and structural formulas for acetic acid?

  Molecular formula: C2H4O2

  Structural formula: H-C-C-O-H

  
• What are the molecular and structural formulas for ethyl alcohol?

  Molecular formula: C2H6O

  Structural formula: H-C-C-O-H