CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

• Cardiac glycosides - are steroidal in nature due to the presence of the CPPP nucleus (Cyclopentano perhydrophenanthrene nucleus)
• The use of cardiac glycosides in therapeutic stems from their

  ability of these compounds to increase the force of systolic

  contraction.
• Digitoxin - Most lipophilic among the cardiac glycosides

  ○ T ½ = 190 hours
• DIGITALIS PURPUREA/LANATA - Grecian Fox glove
• Digoxin

  • Same action with digitoxin

  • More polar than digitoxin
• Convallaria/Lily of the valley - Is the dried rhizome Convallaria majalis
• Convallotoxin - a monoglycoside composed of the genin of K-strophanthin and the sugar of G-strophanthin.
• Apocynum - Aka Dogbane/ Black indian hemp/ canadian

  hemp
• Apocynum from Apocynum cannabinum
• Adonis - aka Pheasant's eye
• Adonis from Adonis vernalis
• Black Hellebore - aka Christmas tree
• Black Hellebore from Helloborus niger
• Helleberin - chief constituent of black hellebore
• Green and White hellebore - cardiac depressants
• Strophantus from dried ripe seed of Strophantus kombe

  ● long been used by native africans in preparation

  of arrow poisons
• K-strophantoside/strophoside, is the principal primary glycoside.
• Squill/squill bulb (red & white)

  • Urginea maritima
  • On hydrolysis, it yields the aglycone scillarenin
• • Squill is an expectorant, but also possesses emetic, cardiotonic, and diuretic properties.
  • Red squill is used as a rat poison.