Chapter 1: Tourism

• The motivation to travel refers to a set of needs that be satisfied by travellning
• one example of motivation to travel is the need for relaxation. many people like to relieve stress, rest and rejuvenate and escape their urban environment. Tourists may also prefer activities that provide them with different routine from their daily lives
• another example of motivation to travel is self-growth and fulfilment. such tourists want to develop themselves by learning something new or improving existing knowledge and skills. they may prefer challenging activities that stretch them physically and emotionally
• Another example is the need for unique travel experiences. This refers to satisfying their curiosity about the world and exploring uncommon tourist activities. this motivation has been heightened by social media.
• the ability to travel refers to the conditions that allows an individual to make trips
• a condition of ability to travel is the increase in disposable income, which increases spending on tourism
• another condition is the increase in leisure time with increased paid leave, more public holidays and shorter working weeks which give people time to travel.
• Another condition of the ability to travel is business innovations in the tourism-relayed industry. This refers to value-for-money, personalised travel experiences
• another condition for the ability to travel is lower transport costs which is due to the increase in fuel-efficient, budget airlines that offer tickets at significantly low costs.
• another condition for the ability to travel is lower accommodation costs due to the the increase in variety of accommodation types such as rented properties, hotels, beds and breakfast stays, which has made travelling more affordable
• mobility to travel refers to the ability to move around easily and conveniently to tourist destinations
• one factor of mobility to travel is the expansion of transport services and infrastructure. this has increased connectivity locally and globally, and has also made travel more convenient. the increase in network of public transport services has also made number of public bus and train routes higher.
• Another condition for mobility to travel is the introduction of new modes of travel. this allows tourists to travel faster and further via land.
• another condition for mobility to travel is the increased private car ownership. this allows families to travel comfortably and conveniently in their own vehicles for leisure, giving them more freedom.
• TALC: Exploration -> Involvement -> Development -> Consolidation -> Stagnation -> Decline / Rejuvenation
• The Butler’s Tourism Area Life Circle is used to study the trend of tourism, plan budget and find out the necessary investment needed to grow tourism industry.
• in exploration stage, a small number of adventurous tourist travel individually and visits are irregular. tourist make minimal contribution to the local community. destination possesses natural attractions which offer scenic views or attractive unspoilt natural environment, cultural attractions with historical or heritage value, lack of facilities
• in the involvement stage, there is an increase in tourist arrivals due to increase in advertisement and publicity, peak and non-peak tourist seasons develop. Tourist contribution begin to grow. destination experiences a rise in goods and services, amenities and facilities (minimal government+ locals)
• in the development stage, tourist arrivals increase rapidly. tourism sector employs significant number of workers contributing to local economy, number of attractions and facilities built increase rapidly. heavy advertisement of destination, increase in business, destinations become more recognised as tourist destination
• in the consolidation stage, total annual arrivals outnumber local population. tourism industry dominates the local economy and continues to employ significant number of workers. there is slowing down of attractions and facilities built, majority of tourist facilities and hotels are owned by large multinational companies
• In the stagnation stage, tourist arrivals have peaked and begin to decline as the destination reached or exceeded its carrying capacity, resulting in negative effects. Contributions to economy start to stagnate, destination is no longer attractive, facilities and attractions may decline as they become old and run down
• in the decline stage, contributions to economy decline significantly. local businesses are affected and may close, less money available to improve facilities, facilities deteriorate, further leading to fewer tourists
• In the rejuvenation stage, destination becomes more attractive through new investments and re-branding. contributions to the economy increase again. Funding provided to redevelop area and advertise revamped tourist attraction
• Dependables are more cautious about spending money, are guided by authority figures in making travel decisions and follow travel trends. Dependables prefer structure and routine, Travel in groups, visit popular or familiar destinations. More likely to return to the same place again . They prefer mass tourism
• venturers spend money more readily and are guided by personal judgement. they prefer to be spontaneous and travel alone, explore less-developed, unique places. they prefer niche tourism