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• Communication involves people or groups imparting or exchanging messages through speaking, writing, gestures, or other symbolic forms using various channels for sending and receiving
• Messages are defined as a collection of symbols that are purposefully organized and meaningful to those sending or receiving them (Turrow, 2009)
• Types of communication:

  • Interpersonal communication
  • Mediated interpersonal communication
  • Organizational communication
  • Public communication
• Interpersonal communication involves two to three individuals interacting through their voices and bodies
• Mediated interpersonal communication occurs when communication is mediated through devices like pen, telephone, or computer
• Technology acts as the channel through which the message is sent or received
• Organizational communication is when people communicate differently in a working environment. Example: school principal communicating a new policy to academic personnel through faculty meetings, memos, bulletin boards, conferences, and seminars
• Public communication involves one person communicating to a large audience
• Technology serves as the channel for sending and receiving messages
• MESSAGES - All forms of communication, delivered face-to-face or through mediating channels
• SOURCE - the source is where the message came from. It can be a person or an organization
• ENCODING - the process by which a message is translated so it can be transmitted and communicated

  to another party. Encoding is how you compose your sentence as you communicate.
• TRANSMITTING - the actual act of sending the message. It can either be through the person’s vocal

  cords and facial muscles complemented with hand gestures, if we mean the act of speaking
• CHANNELS - Technologies are line the lines that enable the act of sending or transmitting. It could be

  the telephone, the Internet for voice operated applications, the radio and television, or the print media to

  communicate more complex messages.
• DECODING - The transmitted impulses are converted to signs as the brain perceives and process it.

  The reverse of encoding, decoding is the process by which the receiver translates the source’s thoughts

  and ideas so they can have meaning.
• RECEIVER - It is the one who gets the message that was transmitted through channels.
• FEEDBACK - It is the response generated by the message that was sent to the receiver. It can either be

  immediate or delayed.
• NOISE INTERFERENCE - Something that interferes in the transmittal process. Noise may be treated

  both literally and figuratively. Literally, it is mechanical sound that is perhaps more resonant than the

  message drowning it.
• THREATS OF MEDIA

  • Media has become a source of misinformation and fake news.

  • Though media helps us improve the way we communicate, it is also abused by many.

  • Media can also pose medical, social and psychological issues.
• In the process of communication, participants can be both the source of information and the receiver as

  well.

  Information can be broadly defined as data, knowledge, or instructions through signals or symbols.
• KEY COMPONENTS in EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: Development of information & Selection of media to be used in disseminating information.
• Development of information. The source must know how to generate information and package

  it with utmost accuracy and clarity for the ease of the receivers’ comprehension.
• Selection of media to be used in disseminating information. The source should also think of

  the type of medium that will be used in disseminating information. Mostly, the source selects

  medium in conformity with the characters of the information users or receivers.
• TYPES of COMMUNICATION: Verbal, non-verbal
• Verbal Communication. It refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally.

  And this verbal communication is subdivided into two forms: Oral Communication, Written Communication
• Oral Communication. Spoken words are used. It includes face to face conversations, speech, telephonic conversations, video, radio, and voice over the internet. It is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
• Written Communication. Written signs or symbols are used. It may be printed or handwritten. Message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo among others. It is influenced by vocabulary and grammar, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used.
• Non-Verbal Communication. It is sending or receiving of wordless messages. It is all about body-language of the speaker. It has 3 elements: appearance, body language, sounds
• Appearance: For example, job interview requires interviewees to wear corporate clothes. Even though your appearance may not be necessary to determine whether or not you are fit for a post, the interviewer can perceive the way you look as a sign of professionalism or lack thereof.
• Body Language: In face-to-face conversations, words are hardly the only thing the receiver’s process. They also take your body language into account. The way one acts as he or she speaks, whether he’s fidgeting or standing stolidly, the receiver has that in the block of information to

  process.
• Sounds: In communication, it is often the way words are said, not the actuals word themselves that can determine the success of the conversation. Tone, pace, volume is considered in understanding the true meaning of what someone is saying. For instance, a raised voice can be taken as a sign of anger, a hurried pace can mean annoyance, and a condescending tone is often understood as sarcasm.