DIASS

• Counselling is an interactive process characterized by a unique relationship between the counsellor and client
• Changes experienced by the client in counselling can be in the areas of behavior, beliefs, and level of emotional distress
• The objective of counselling is achieved through functions such as advice, reassurance, communication, release of emotional tension, clarified thinking, and reorientation
• Important components of counselling are the counsellor, the client, and the working alliance between them
• A counsellor is a trained professional who serves clients through therapeutic communication
• A counsellor should possess attributes like a genuine desire to help the client, acceptance and respect for the client, ability to listen and understand the client's psychological pain, and excellent therapeutic communication skills
• The client brings personal pain, help-seeking by choice, and personal issues to counselling
• The work alliance between counsellor and client involves core conditions like empathy, respect, and genuineness
• Process goals in counselling are objectives that must be achieved during counselling sessions and in the counsellor's office
• Outcome goals of counselling include behavioral change, coping with life realities, making important life decisions, change in beliefs, and relief from emotional distress
• Counselling has stages that follow a complete sequence: initial disclosure, in-depth exploration, and commitment to action
• Types of counselling range from directive counselling to nondirective counselling, with participative counselling in between
• Ethical dimensions of counselling include informed consent, confidentiality, and protection and development of the client and counsellor
• Counselling is an interactive process characterized by a unique relationship between the counsellor and client
• Changes experienced by the client in counselling can be in the areas of behavior, beliefs, and level of emotional distress
• The objective of counselling is achieved through functions such as advice, reassurance, communication, release of emotional tension, clarified thinking, and reorientation
• Important components of counselling are the counsellor, the client, and the working alliance between them
• A counsellor is a trained professional who serves clients through therapeutic communication
• A counsellor should possess attributes like a genuine desire to help the client, acceptance and respect for the client, ability to listen and understand the client's psychological pain, and excellent therapeutic communication skills
• The client brings personal pain, help-seeking by choice, and personal issues to counselling
• The work alliance between counsellor and client involves core conditions like empathy, respect, and genuineness
• Process goals in counselling are objectives that must be achieved during counselling sessions and in the counsellor's office
• Process goals include the establishment of rapport between the counsellor and the client and creating an environment where the client has trust and confidence in the counsellor
• Outcome goals of counselling include behavioral change, coping with life realities, making important life decisions, change in beliefs, and relief from emotional distress
• Counselling has stages that follow a complete sequence: initial disclosure, in-depth exploration, and commitment to action
• In the initial disclosure stage, the counsellor encourages self-disclosure by setting conditions that promote trust
• In the in-depth exploration stage, the client gains a clearer understanding of life concerns and develops a new sense of hope and direction
• In the commitment to action stage, the client decides on how to accomplish goals defined and commits to a plan with help from the counsellor
• Types of counselling range from directive counselling to nondirective counselling, with participative counselling in between
• Directive counselling involves learning about, planning to solve, and motivating a client to act on problems
• Nondirective or client-centered counselling involves listening to and encouraging a client to explain issues and determine solutions
• Participative counselling, also called cooperative counselling, involves a mutual exchange of ideas to help solve a client's problems
• Ethical dimensions of counselling include informed consent, confidentiality, and protection and development of the client and counsellor
• Informed consent means the counsellor informs the client of what to expect in the counselling process and the client consents to participate
• Confidentiality requires the counsellor not to disclose confidential information entrusted by the client, with limits to absolute confidentiality clarified with the client
• Counsellors are expected to protect the welfare of the client and themselves, with the professional requirement of having their work supervised