READING AND WRITING

• Narrative Writing - focuses on telling a story. It is anecdotal, experiential, and personal.
• Elements of a Story

  • Setting
  • Theme
  • Characters
  • Plot
  • Mood
  • Thesis
  • Transition
  • Conclusion
• Setting - when/where the story happened
• Characters - people involved in the story which is divided into 2: Protagonist and Antagonist
• Mood - tone that signifies the emotion of the narrator
• Plot - most important element which includes the climax; the turning point of the story
• Theme - the subject or the basic idea of the story
• Thesis - set up the action in the introduction and expresses the main idea of the story
• Transition - sentences that connects events
• Conclusion - ends the story and provides either moral, revelation or prediction to the readers
• Parts of Narrative Essay

  • Introduction
  • Narrative Hook
  • Thesis
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Introduction - the paragraph that starts the story
• Narrative Hook - introductory part that catches the attention of the readers
• Body - contains the plot and is arranged in a CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
• Transitional Sentence - the last sentence of the last paragraph is connected to the first sentence of the next paragraph
• Descriptive Writing - appeals to the five senses; touch, sight, smell, hear, and taste
• Types of Descriptive Essay

  • Objective Description
  • Subjective Description
• Objective Description - aims primarily to present word pictures in a straightforward manner
• Subjective Description - applies to creative writing that stimulates imagination
• Pattern of Organization in Descriptive Writing

  • Spatial order
• Spatial Order - arrangement of items according to their physical relationship
• Topic Sentence - main idea of the descriptive paragraph
• Controlling Idea - provides an overall impression of the topic sentence
• Supporting Sentence - severs as the MEAT of the paragraph
• Paragraph Unity - most important characteristic of DW and provides coherence
• Classification - the purpose of this writing is to sort, classify, and categorize ideas related to each other
• Exemplification - writing through the use of examples and illustrates a point
• Compare and Contrast - the purpose of this writing is to analyze similarities and differences of distinct ideas/objects
• Techniques for Compare and Contrast

  • Basis Comparison
  • Alternate Method
  • Block Method
  • Combination Method
• Cause and Effect - main object is to identify the reason of a certain situation and the consequences of an action or both
• Persuasive Essay - an essay the presents a point of view. It encourages the viewers to do a certain action/decision entangled with EMOTION linked with it
• Properties of a Well Written Text

  • Unity
  • Coherence
  • Cohesion
  • Mechanics
• Unity - the paragraph is only tackling ONE topic and there is a consistency with the use of words and ideas
• Coherence - all ideas in a paragraph runs smoothly.
• Cohesive Devices - also known as word linkers that makes the flow of sentences much easier to understand
• Mechanics - refers to the rules of a written language; spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.
• Expository Text - delivers and provides information. Used LOGICAL ORDERING
• Classification of Claims

  • Implicit
  • Explicit
• Implicit Claim - indirect and is retrieved by reading or analyzing between the lines
• Explicit Claim - more straightforward. It is directly and precisely stated.