Crime and punishment

• what is a vagabond?

  a person who idly wanders around looking for work and shelter
• what is witchcraft?

  the use of supernatural powers to harm others?
• what is smuggling?

  illegally importing goods from abroad without paying tax
• What is poaching?


  Illegally hunting, trespassing or collecting recourses from others land
• what are puritan crimes?

  breaking the rules of Oliver Cromwell
• Who introduced the police force?

  Robert Peel
• When did Henry Fielding set up the Bow Street Runners?

  1748
• What year were the BSR first paid by the government?

  1785
• what law stopped PUBLIC executions?

  The 1868 Capital Punishment Amendment Act
• how many crimes did the bloody code cover in the 1800s?

  222 crimes
• What were some problems with early prisons?

  very little security

  not purpose built buildings

  men, women, and children kept together

  horrific conditions

  jailers weren’t paid

  only a holding place - not the punishment
• What did keeping criminal men, women and children together cause jails to become?

  schools of crime
• What did the Gaols Acct of 1835 by Robert Peel enforce?

  men and women had to be kept separately

  religious leaders were needed

  they had to be inspected

  health, water and hygeine levels needed improving

  staff must be paid

  criminals must be fed

  criminals had to be separated in accordance to their crimes
• How did methods to commit crimes change in the modern period?

  technology could be used to communicate long distances

  quicker transportation
• What 8 reasons cause the abolition f the death penalty?

  alternative punishments

  the wrongly convicted

  declaration of human rights

  the impact of war

  religion

  the government and politicians

  Scientific knowledge

  Liberal attitudes
• How did alternative punishments stop the death penalty?

  prisons were built that could punish and rehabilitate prisoners
• How did the wrongly convicted end he death penalty?


  People were outraged when they found out innocent people were killed
• how did human rights end the death penalty?

  people started o believe everyone had the right to live
• How did the war end the death penalty?

  the wars made more people more aware of the impacts of a death.
• how. did religion end the death penalty?

  killing is against christian morals
• how did the government end the death penalty?

  the government had to do what the public asked, otherwise they would be voted out
• how did advancing scientific knowledge end the death penalty?

  people started to understand children’s phsycology
• how did liberal attitudes end the death penalty?

  People became fairer and open minded
• Whatws a conscientious objector?


  a person who opposes joining the army due to their beliefs
• What was the law that made joining the army compulsory?

  the Military Service Act
• How many men used the Military service act?

  16,000
• How were conscientious objectors punished during WW1?


  Jailed

  sent to war anyways

  solitary confinement
• Why did the government treat conscientious objectors so harshly?


  as a deterrent to others

  to stop views from spreading

  to get more men for the war
• who was Derek bentley?

  an 18 year old, accused of killng a police officer. he had severe learning difficulties and came from a family with a history of crime
• In 1952, Derek Bentley and his friend Craig burgled a London warehouse where Craig had a gun and gave Derek a knife
• When officers arrived, they climbed onto the warehouse roof where Derek shouted “let him have it”, resulting in one officer being injured and a second dying after being shot
• Derek Bentley and Craig were found guilty of murder, but Craig, being 16, was sent to prison
• Derek's doctor stated he was mentally ill and shouldn't receive an adult punishment
• On January 28th, 1953, Derek Bentley was hanged, leading to protests calling it murder
• Around 200 MPs signed petitions urging the Home Secretary to cancel the execution, but it was refused
• In 1998, the court ruled the execution of Derek Bentley as unfair
• What law did Derek Bentleys murder lead to?

  Homicide Act 1957
• What was the 1723 black act?


  A law that meant being found in a woods with weapons or hunting dogs was punishable with death
• What is a tithing?

  Group of 10 men over the age of twelve that were responsible for ensuring no one in that group committed crimes
• who ended trial by ordeal in 1215?

  Pope Innocent III