1.2.4 Types of programming language

• Procedural language:

  • Step by step instructions to solve a problem breaking down problems into smaller modules consisting of subroutines
  • Instead of having attributes they would have variables and parameters
• Attributes:

  • Variables contained within and associated to an object
  • e.g doorColour has attributes of floors and garden
• Methods:

  • Behaviour of the object
  • The actions that can be performed by an object
  • Think of these as subroutines
  • e.g changeDoorColour and changeFloors
• Class:

  • A blueprint or template to create an object
  • It defines the attributes and methods of the objects in that class
• Object Oriented programming (OOP):

  • Objects
  • Classes
  • Attributes
  • Methods
• Encapsulation:

  • The processing of making the attributes of an object private
• Constructor:

  • Special type of method to create an instance of an object from a class
• Instantiation:

  • Process of creating new instances of a class
  • In simple terms, creating an object from a class template
• Object:

  • An instance of a class
• To initialise a class:

  Class class_name():
• To initialise a constructor method:

  def __innit__(self, parameters, etc)
• Examples of getters:

  • def get_name():
  • return name
• Setting a name in OOP using the set method:

  def set_name(self):

  self.name = name
• Inheritance:

  • Where the child class inherits the attributes of a parent class
  • As well as having its own attributes
• Advantages of Inheritance:

  • Avoids repeating code
  • As methods and attributes are shared
  • Therefore can be re-used
• Parent class also known as:

  • The super class
  • The base class
• Polymorphism:

  • Where different objects differently to other instances of their class
  • In simple terms it is the ability of an object to take on many forms
  • Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common super-class.
• OOP is an example of decomposition because different developers can work on different parts of the code simultaneously, which decreases programming code, whereas procedural programming is sequential and the developers cannot work on different parts
• Advantages of encapsulation:

  • Data is protected and isn't changed inadvertently
  • Which reduces the risk of errors
  • Unless accessed using the methods provided by the object
• Dynamic polymorphism:

  • Within an inheritance hierarchy, a subclass is able to override a method if its superclass
  • This allows the coder of the subclass to customise or completely replace the behaviour of that method
• Direct Addressing

  • simplest addressing mode
  • operand stores memory address