Congenital Anomalies of the Skeletal System

• Spina bifida (natural tube defect) - Birth defect. Improper formation of the vertebra
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease) - Skeleton does not ossify properly. Characterized by a BLUE coloration of the white sclera of the eye. In Babies
• Achondroplasia - Most common cause of dwarfism. Ossification does not occur properly.
• Metabolic Bone Diseases

  Osteoporosis “Brittle Bone” - Generalized or localized deficiency of bone matrix. Bones become lighter and fracture easier.
• Metabolic Bone Diseases

  Osteopetrosis “Marble Bone” - Osteoclast Malfunction - Decrease bone resorption

  • Overgrowth of bone- Denser and sclerotic bone
• Metabolic Bone Diseases

  Osteomalacia "Bone Softening" - Reverse of OSTEOPOROSIS. Abnormal decrease in bone density. RICKETS in children.
• Metabolic Bone Diseases

  Paget Disease “Osteitis deformans” - Chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones.
• BENIGN BONE TUMORS

  Bone Cyst - Fluid-filled hole that develops inside a bone.
• BENIGN BONE TUMORS

  Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) - Cartilage-capped bony projections or outgrowth on the surface of bones (exostoses).
• BENIGN BONE TUMORS

  Enchondroma - Found inside the bones.
• BENIGN BONE TUMORS

  Osteoclastomas - Giant Cell Tumor.
• BENIGN BONE TUMORS

  Osteoid Osteoma - Tumor usually found in the femur or tibia.
• Malignant Bone Tumor

  Chondrosarcoma - Malignant tumor of the cartilage.
• Malignant Bone Tumor

  Osteogenic sarcoma (Osteosarcoma) - Starts in the ends of the bones where new bone tissue forms as a young person grows. Highly malignant
• Malignant Bone Tumor

  Ewing sarcoma - Shows up primarily in children 5-15. Occurs in the diaphysis of long bones.
• Malignant Bone Tumor

  Multiple Myeloma (swiss cheese appearance) - Cancer in the bone marrow, formed by malignant plasma cells (WBC).
• Malignant Bone Tumor

  Bone Metastases - Most common malignant bone tumor spreading by means of the blood stream or lymphatic vessels or by direct extension. Results from primary tumor.
• NOTES:

  If mineral is removed, bone is too bendable.

  If collagen is removed, bone is too brittle.