SCI Q3: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• It helps you cope with changes in your environment.

  ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• It works with the NS, RS and other organs such as kidney, gut and pancreas to help maintain and control body energy levels, reproduction, growth and development, responses to stimuli and stress and internal balance

  ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• an organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body, or in a body cavity.

  Gland
• secretions pass through a duct to the site where they take effect. Ex: salivary, sweat and mammary glands.

  Exocrine Gland
• 3 EXAMPLES OF EXOCRINE GLAND

  salivary, sweat and mammary glands.
• ductless because they secrete their product directly into the bloodstream.

  Endocrine Gland
• a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one cell to another. "Target cells", hormones react only in specific cell types


  Hormones
• master of the ductless glands

  Pituitary Gland
• aka hypophysis

  Pituitary Gland
• lies at the base of the brain

  Pituitary Gland
• responsible for contraction of the uterine muscles during the final stage of pregnancy.

  Oxytocin
• increases blood pressure and decreases urine flow

  Vasopressin
• aka antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

  Vasopressin
• aka somatotropic hormone

  Growth Hormone
• essential for normal growth.

  Growth Hormone
• controls the adrenal glands that takes part during emergency or stressful situation.

  Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
• initiates milk production.

  Prolactin
• stimulates the formation of ovarian hormones and the subsequent release of a mature egg.

  Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• responsible for the formation of follicles around an egg in the female ovary and the development of sperm in males.

  Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• H-shaped organ; beneath the larynx

  Thyroid Gland
• controls the body's metabolism;

  Thyroxin(e)
• aka tetraiodothyronine (T4).

  Thyroxin(e)
• increases the oxygen consumption, or speeds up the metabolic rate of nearly all the cells in the body except the brain, spleen and testes.

  Thyroxin(e)
• Sometimes the gland may be hyperactive (hyperthyroidine) or underactive (hypothyroidine)

  Thyroxin(e)
• physically and mentally retardation due to failed development of the thyroid gland

  Cretinism
• Without a sufficient supply of iodine, all body cells will work harder; this eventually results in swelling of the thyroid, a condition commonly known as ________

  Cretinism; goiter
• aka triiodothyronine (T3);

  Calcitonin
• storage of Ca and P balance in the blood plasma and bones.

  Calcitonin
• takes Ca and P ions from bones so that they will be available in the blood, the muscles and nerves

  Calcitonin
• 4 small glandular bodies, each about the size of a small pea, attached to the back of the thyroid gland.

  Parathyroid Gland
• controls the Ca levels in your body and normalizes bone growth.

  Parathyroid hormone or Parathormone
• It takes Ca and P ions from bones so that they will be available in the blood, the muscles and nerves.

  Parathyroid hormone or Parathormone
• 2 lobes located at the upper part of the chest, below the neck.

  Thymus Gland
• Quite prominent in early life, buy degenerates when puberty sets in then it will be replaced by a fatty or fibrous tissue.

  Thymus Gland
• manufactures WBC and antibodies that make it possible to develop immunity against infection.

  Thymosin
• promotes growth

  promine
• retards growth

  Retine
• small glands above each kidneys.

  Adrenal Glands
• Adrenal Cortex - outer portion; secretes _________.


  corticoids
• Regulate the metabolism - storage and use of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

  Adrenal Cortex