C3 - Quantitative Chemistry

• What is meant by a limiting reactant?

  A reactant that is fully used up
• How does a limiting reactant affect product amount?

  It determines the maximum product formed
• What is the balanced chemical equation for magnesium and chlorine reaction?

  • Magnesium + Chlorine → Magnesium Chloride
  • 1 mole of magnesium reacts with 1 mole of chlorine
  • Produces 1 mole of magnesium chloride
• What are the reactants in the magnesium and chlorine reaction?

  Magnesium and chlorine
• What is produced in the reaction between magnesium and chlorine?

  Magnesium chloride
• What happens if one mole of magnesium and one mole of chlorine are used?

  One mole of magnesium chloride is produced
• What is the excess reactant in the example given?

  Chlorine
• In the example, what happens to magnesium as the reaction proceeds?

  All magnesium gets used up
• How many moles of zinc iodide are produced from 0.5 moles of zinc?

  0.5 moles of zinc iodide
• What is the limiting reactant when using 0.5 moles of zinc and 1 mole of iodine?

  Zinc
• How do you calculate the mass of zinc iodide produced?

  Mass = moles × relative formula mass
• What is the relative formula mass of zinc iodide?

  319
• What is the final mass of zinc iodide produced from 0.5 moles?

  159.5 g
• What is the limiting reactant when using 0.25 moles of hydrochloric acid?

  Hydrochloric acid
• How many moles of sodium chloride can be produced from 0.25 moles of hydrochloric acid?

  0.25 moles of sodium chloride
• How do you calculate the mass of sodium chloride produced?

  Mass = moles × relative formula mass
• What is the relative formula mass of sodium chloride?

  58.5
• What is the final mass of sodium chloride produced from 0.25 moles?

  14.6 g
• How many moles of copper are produced from 0.5 moles of copper sulfate?

  0.5 moles of copper
• How do you calculate the mass of copper produced?

  Mass = moles × relative atomic mass
• What is the relative atomic mass of copper?

  63.5
• What is the final mass of copper produced from 0.5 moles?

  31.75 g
• What are the key concepts related to limiting reactants?

  • Limiting reactant: fully used up
  • Excess reactant: not fully used
  • Determines maximum product formed
  • Mass calculation: moles × relative mass
• What is always conserved in chemical reactions?

  Mass
• What does the law of conservation of mass state?

  No atoms are lost or made
• How do you calculate the mass of products in a reaction?

  Mass of products equals mass of reactants
• What are the starting materials in a chemical reaction called?

  Reactants
• What is the product formed when magnesium reacts with chlorine?

  Magnesium chloride
• If 24 grams of magnesium reacts with 71 grams of chlorine, what is the mass of magnesium chloride produced?

  95 grams
• Why does the mass of products equal the mass of reactants in a reaction?

  Because no atoms are lost or made
• What is the total mass of reactants if 92 grams of sodium reacts with 32 grams of oxygen?

  124 grams
• How much sodium oxide is produced when 92 grams of sodium reacts with 32 grams of oxygen?

  124 grams
• If calcium carbonate produces 112 grams of calcium oxide and 88 grams of carbon dioxide, what is the mass of calcium carbonate that reacted?

  200 grams
• What is the total mass of products when calcium carbonate produces 112 grams of calcium oxide and 88 grams of carbon dioxide?

  200 grams
• If magnesium oxide reacts with 73 grams of hydrogen chloride to produce 95 grams of magnesium chloride and 18 grams of water, what is the total mass of products?

  113 grams
• How do you calculate the mass of magnesium oxide that reacted if the total mass of products is 113 grams and hydrogen chloride is 73 grams?

  113 grams minus 73 grams
• What is the mass of magnesium oxide that reacted if the total mass of products is 113 grams and hydrogen chloride is 73 grams?

  40 grams
• What is the process for calculating masses in chemical reactions?

  • Identify reactants and products
  • Use the law of conservation of mass
  • Calculate total mass of reactants
  • Set equal to total mass of products
• What types of questions can you expect on calculating masses in chemical reactions?

  • Calculate mass of products
  • Calculate mass of reactants
  • Use given masses to find unknowns
• What charge do metal ions typically have?

  Positive