case studies paper 2: section a

• Why is Rio an important city?

  It is the cultural capital of Brazil. It has stunning natural surroundings. Host for the 2016 Olympic games and the 2014 world cup. The statue of Christ the redeemer is here. Major ports. Important international transport hub. A UNESCO world heritage site.
• Why has Rio de Janeiro grown?

  Economic activities attract migrants from many different places including: The amazon basin, Argentina and Bolivia, south kora and China seeking business opportunities, Portugal because of the common language, skilled workers from the usa and uk.
• What is the average life expectancy in the west zone?

  45
• what is the average life expectancy in the south zone?

  80
• what is the life expectancy in rio as a whole?

  63
• what's the infant mortality in the west zone?

  21 per 1000
• what's the infant mortality in the south zone?

  6 per 1000
• what's the infant mortality in rio as a whole?

  19 per 1000
• what percent of pregnant females get medical care in the west zone?

  60%
• what percent of pregnant females get medical care in the south zone?

  100%
• what percent of pregnant females get medical care in rio as a whole?

  74%
• How is education a challenge in rio?

  Only half of all children continue their education beyond the age of 14, this is because: a shortage of schools and teachers. A lack of money and a need for teenagers to work to support their families.
• How is water supply a challenge in Rio?

  12% of Rios population had no running water. 37% is lost through leaks and illegal access. Droughts make water expensive.
• How is energy a challenge in rio?

  frequent power cuts and blackouts. Many poorer people get their electricity by illegally tapping into the main supply.
• How does solutions to health care create opportunities?

  Medical staff detect and treat twenty different diseases in peoples homes, reducing infant mortality and increasing life expectancy.
• How does solutions to education create opportunities?

  the authorities have: given school grants to poor families and opened a private university in the rochina favela.
• How does solutions to water supply create opportunities?

  300km of new pipes and seven treatment plans have been built. Buy 2014, 95% of the population had mains water.
• How does solutions to energy create opportunities?

  60km of new power lines have been installed and a nuclear generator has been built.
• How have rio's industries created economic development?

  Rios industrial areas have boosted the city's economy. Rio provides more than 6% of Brazil's employment. Economic development had improved Rios transport and environment. The city's favelas have improved. Large companies are now attracted to Rio. Economic opportunities have developed in the formal economy.
• What are the 8 types of employment in Rio?

  Service industries, port industries, oil refining, manufacturing, tourism, steel, construction, retail
• What are the challenges of unemployment?

  A recession in 2015 increased unemployment in rio so there are wide contrasts in wealth. Unemployment rates in the favelas are iver 20% most people work in the informal economy where jobs are poorly paid and irregular.
• What are the solutions to unemployment in Rio?

  The schools for tomorrow program aims to improve education in the poorer and violent areas. Free child care is provided to enable teenage parents to return to education.
• What are the challenges about crime in rio?

  Murder, kidnapping and armed assault occur regularly. Powerful gangs control drug trafficking in many of the favelas.
• What are the solutions to crime in Rio?

  In 2013, pacifying police units were established to reclaim favelas from drug dealers. Police have taken control of some crime-dominated areas.
• How many deaths does air pollution cause per year in rio?

  5,000
• How does traffic congestion occur in Rio?

  Steep mountains limit where the roads can go. The number of cars has grown. High crime levels mean people prefer to drive.
• What are the solutions to traffic congestion in rio?

  Expansion of the metro system. New toll roads. Making coast roads one-way during rush hours.
• What bay is highly polluted in rio?

  Guanabara bay
• why are rivers polluted in rio?

  sewers in the favellas because the government has not paid for the sewage pipes. There have been many oil spills. Ships empty their fuel tanks in the bay.
• What are the solutions to water pollution in rio?

  12 new sewage works have been built since 2004. Ships are fined for discharging fuel illegally. 5km of new sewage pipes have been installed.
• Why is waste pollution a problem in rio?

  Many favellas are on steep sloped with few proper roads so waste collection is difficult. Most waste is dumped and pollutes the water system, causing diseases and encouraging rats.
• what are the solutions to waste pollution in rio?

  A power plant has been set up which consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and produces enough electricity for 1000 homes.
• What is rochina like?

  90% of homes are built with brick and hace access to electricity and running water and sewage systems. Bars, travel agents and mc Donald's are there. It also has access to schools, university and health facilities.
• why is crime a challenge in squatter settlements?

  a high murder rate of 20 per 1000 people. Drug gangs dominate.
• How is health a challenge in squatter settlements?

  infant mortality rates are as high as 50 per 1000. Waste cannot be disposed of and is left on the street which increases the risk of dieses.
• How are services a challenge in squatter settlements?

  In the non-improved favellas: 12% of homes have no running water. 30% have no electricity and 50% have no sewage connections.
• How is construction a challenge in squatter settlements?

  Houses are built with basic materials on steep slopes. Heavy rain can cause landslides.
• How is unemployment a challenge in Rio?

  Unemployment rates are as high as 20%. The average income may be less than £75 a month.
• How has the favellas Barrio project made improvements to the favellas?

  It has paved roads, access to water supply, improved sanitation, a cable car system where inhabitants are given one free return ticket a day, a pacifying police unit have been patrolling the community.
• How has the favella barrio project been a success?

  The quality of life, mobility and employment has improved