con3

• Integrated procurement systems integrate or combine the responsibilities of design and construction of the project
• Both responsibilities are contracted out to a single contracting organization
• Client only needs to deal with a single organization for both the design and construction of the proposed project
• Example of the integrated procurement system is the Design and Build
• Design and Build system involves a two-stage process for selecting the firm
• First stage involves interested firms applying for prequalification
• Prequalification document includes information on the scope of the project, project site, special features, budget, design requirements, and other relevant information
• Design and Build and turnkey project procurement systems are known for "fast-tracking" project delivery
• Design-free pre-tender process allows for earlier construction date
• Detail design and construction can run almost concurrently, reducing the overall project development period considerably
• In Design and Build, the contractor controls construction time and design time, reducing the overall contract duration
• Contractor's design responsibility can lead to reduced construction time through rationalizing the design and construction process
• Cost in Design and Build is fixed at the bidding and contracting stage, providing higher cost certainty compared to traditional procurement systems
• Lack of detailed design before and during tender can lead to contractors increasing prices to allow for uncertainties
• Reduction in the overall number of professionals required leads to significant cost savings
• Quality of work under Design and Build cannot be guaranteed
• Client loses control of design and supervision of work
• Integration of design and construction allows the contractor to utilize knowledge and experience for higher workmanship quality
• Contractors under Design and Build can be innovative to improve construction process and techniques for better work and process quality
• Design and Build is suitable when construction commencement and completion times are required earlier than traditional systems
• Also suitable when innovation in design is desirable and when cost certainty is required at the start of design and construction phase
• Merits of Design and Build include client certainty about project cost, avoidance of conflicts over drawing accuracy, and faster project delivery
• Contractors can offer suggestions for more efficient, cost-effective, and easy-to-construct designs
• Client uses fewer technical staff on the project
• Demerits of Design and Build include limited basis for enforcing the contract due to incomplete project details, discrimination against small contractors, and lack of control over quality of work
• Approaches to Design and Build system include Novated design and build, Package deals, Turnkey method, and Develop and construct
• Novated design and build involves engaging consultants to prepare design brief and tender documentation, with the contractor taking over the design team
• Package deals use standard components which may not fully meet client's needs
• Turnkey involves the contractor being responsible for the project from design to operational stage
• Develop and Construct starts with the client providing a detailed brief to the design consultant for conceptual design and site layout
• Turnkey method accelerates project delivery, provides cost certainty, reduces disputes, but may lead to client surrendering control over the project and needing to provide exact project needs upfront
• Approaches of Turnkey method include Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT), Build Own Operate (BOO), Design Build Operate (DBO), and Lease Own Operate (LOO)
• Features of BOOT, BOO, DBO, and LOO methods are outlined based on responsibilities and ownership of the project