Patho370 Midterm Review

• The ________ is the study of causes or reasons for phenomena and identifies causal factors that, acting in concert, provoke a particular disease or injury

  Etiology
• The _____________ is the time during which the first signs and/or symptoms appear indicating the onset of the disease.

  Latent Period
• The ___________ is the test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements.

  Reliability
• Which is false about Homeostasis?

  In order to maintain homeostasis, a person's body temperature must remain precisely at its set point
• True or False?

  The Validity is the degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure.

  True
• Which of the following is an example of a factor that would affect the epidemiology of a particular disease?

  Southeast Asian Ethnicity
• True or False?

  Risk Factors are not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor.

  True
• A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

  Septic Shock
• After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of?

  Right Sided Heart Failure
• Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

  anaphylactic shock
• The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

  ST- segment elevation
• Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

  reduced cardiac output
• Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

  Pulmonary stenosis
• carbon monoxide injures cells by

  reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin
• Bacteria cause injury to cells by (Select all that apply.)

  producing exotoxins

  producing endotoxins

  producing destructive enzymes

  evoking an immune reaction
• Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all that apply.)

  anemia

  nausea

  bleeding

  infections
• Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

  carcinomas
• Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer due to (Select all that apply.)

  chemotherapy

  cancer cells

  cancer metastasis to bone marrow

  malnutrition
• Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

  Mutant tumor suppressor gene
• Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

  Burkitt lymphoma
• The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

  Vasodilation
• Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)

  contractility

  cardiac output

  tissue perfusion

  myocardial oxygen demand
• Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used ___________ solutions that contain electrolytes.

  crystalloid
• Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through the (Select all that apply.)


  genitourinary tract.

  gastrointestinal tract.

  respiratory tract.

  skin.
• Progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is marked by

  tachycardia
• Which is true about Obstructive Shock?

  results from mechanical obstructions that prevent effective cardiac filling and stroke volume common causes include pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax- rapid management of underlying obstruction is required to prevent cardiovascular collapse
• The Primary cause of death in ARDS ( Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ) is

  Sepsis Syndrome

  or

  multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
• Which one is true about Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?

  It is both a bleeding and clotting disorder.
• Which one is incorrect about Heart Failure?

  most common cause of heart condition?
• Which one is true about Biventricular Heart Failure?

  Couldn't Find the question

  
  

  Just know that Biventricular Heart Failure is a combination of left-sided and right-sided heart failure
• Which of the following escape rhythms originates in Purkinje fibers (rate of 15 to 40 beats/min with abnormally wide QRS).

  Ventricular Escape Rhythm
• The ________________________ is a completely disorganized and irregular atrial rhythm accompanied by an irregular ventricular rhythm.

  Atrial fibrillation (AF)
• Aortic regurgitation is associated with

  diastolic murmur
• Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called __________________ angina

  Prinzmetal variant
• Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

  Elevated CK-MB

  troponin I

  troponin T
• Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

  impaired cardiac filling
• A reduction in _______________ production after birth contributes to the hearts closure and constriction in patent ductus arteriosus

  prostaglandin E
• Cor pulmonale refers to

  right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension
• Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

  decreasing myocardial oxygen demands
• Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

  lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave