PD

• Ideal Self vs. Actual Self:

  • Ideal self: Aspire to be like a mentor or ideal figure, based on learning and experiences
  • Actual self: Characteristics nurtured or inherent, how we think, feel, look, and act
• Self-Concept:

  • Actual self and ideal self are two categories of self-concept
  • Self-concept influenced by experiences and external/internal messages
  • Positive messages boost self-esteem, negative messages focus on weaknesses
• Self-Esteem:

  • Confidence and satisfaction in oneself
  • High self-esteem with positive self-concept, low self-esteem with self-dislike
  • Self-esteem impacts behavior and well-being
• Personal Effectiveness:

  • Making use of personal resources to achieve life goals
  • Personal effectiveness influenced by self-knowledge and self-management
  • Important personal effectiveness skills: Determination, Self-confidence, Persistence, Managing stress, Problem-solving skills, Creativity, Generating ideas
• Boosting Self-Esteem:

  • Accept praise, focus on strengths, accept yourself, learn from mistakes, help others with strengths, take responsibility for your life
• Building on Strengths and Weaknesses:

  • Recognize talents and abilities, utilize them for personal advantage
• Physiological Development:

  • Refers to physical changes in the body as well as changes in skills related to movement
• Physical health is defined as the condition of your body, taking into consideration everything from the absence of disease to fitness level
• Physical health is critical for overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, human biology, environment, and healthcare service
• It is important to take care of your body by living healthy, eating healthy foods, getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, and avoiding drugs and alcohol
• Manage stress and go for regular medical check-ups
• Practice good hygiene
• Emotional Development:

  • It has something to do with the feelings that you experience
• Emotionally healthy people are in control of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and can cope with life's challenges
• Ways to improve emotional health include being aware of emotions and reactions, thinking before acting, managing stress, striving for balance, taking care of physical health, and connecting with others
• Social Development:

  • Refers to how people develop social and emotional skills across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood and adolescence
• Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family, friends, teachers, and other people in our lives
• Social development most often refers to how a person develops friendships and other relationships and how a person handles conflict with peers
• Cognitive Development:

  • Refers to a person's intellectual abilities as shown in thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and values
• Cognitive development means how people think, explore, and figure things out, and it is enhanced through engaging in intellectual pursuits such as studies and work
• Mental abilities are developed by engaging in intellectual pursuits such as studies, work, and figuring out how best to deal with challenges
• Spiritual Development:

  • It is discovering oneself beyond the ego known as the soul, spirit, or the 'inner essence'
• Spiritual development allows people to connect with a Higher Power and helps in developing humility, strength, and courage
• Spirituality and inner peace help in making human beings better citizens
• Adolescence is a rapid and formative phase of human development, signifying the period of growth from childhood to adulthood
• Adolescents experience hormonal changes, puberty, new and complex sensations and emotions, burst of emotional and physiological brain development, sexual awareness, and gender identity
• Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of gender, which may or may not match with the sex assigned at birth
• Physical identity refers to an individual's awareness of his/her own appearance
• Three stages of adolescence:

  • Early adolescence (10-13 years old): beginning stages of puberty with significant physical growth and increased sexual interest
  • Middle adolescence (14-16 years old): stage where puberty is completed, capacity for abstract ideas grows, and social and emotional changes occur
  • Late adolescence (17-19 years old): final preparations for adult roles, extending to young adulthood
• Challenges of Middle Adolescence (Ages 14-16):

  • Adolescents become morally aware
  • Ability for abstract thinking
  • Desire for independence
• Challenges of Late Adolescence (Ages 17-19):

  • Attainment of increased independence and emotional stability
  • Ability to think about ideas logically, make plans, and gain a firm sense of identity
  • Concern with romantic relationships
• Adolescents experience challenges in peer, family, and romantic relationships:

  • Peer relationship: independence from parents and development of personal identity
  • Family relationship: feeling secured and loved
  • Romantic relationship: emotional intimacy and passion with the opposite sex
• Social challenges during middle and late adolescence:

  • Youth violence: intentional use of physical force to threaten or harm young people
  • Substance abuse: long-term, pathological use of alcohol or drugs
  • Malnutrition: faulty nutrition due to inadequate intake of nutrients
  • Reproductive Health: complete physical, mental, and social well-being in reproductive functions
  • Lack of education: below-average knowledge due to little or no formal schooling
  • Family problems: conflict with family members, parenting issues, sibling rivalry, separation of parents, and financial problems
• The poem is about coping with stress and the impact it has on individuals in various aspects of their lives
• The author describes stress as coming from various sources such as home, school, streets, markets, the virus, and other issues
• The author coped with stress by looking at situations in a positive way, finding solutions to stay healthy, doing simple exercises, and engaging in activities to relax and feel okay
• Coping refers to mental and behavioral efforts used to deal with problems related to stress, including its causes and the unpleasant feelings it produces
• People cope with stress through different approaches:

  • Avoidance Approach: Running away from stress by denying its presence and avoiding reminders of stressful moments
  • Acceptance-Action Approach: Acknowledging stress, accepting its effects, and taking actions to feel better or resolve stress
• Physically coping with stress includes:

  • Doing simple exercises
  • Eating nutritious and healthy foods
  • Drinking plenty of water
  • Taking a daily bath
  • Ensuring proper hygiene
  • Taking naps when tired
  • Getting at least 8 hours of sleep
  • Finding a relaxing place or picture
  • Engaging in sports activities
• Ways to cope with stress emotionally and socially:

  • Listening to inspiring music
  • Engaging in favorite hobbies
  • Watching funny videos/movies
  • Playing relaxing games
  • Maintaining a journal/blog
  • Releasing emotions by sharing with others
  • Having positive self-talk
  • Learning to forgive
  • Accepting mistakes and learning from them
  • Finding a support group
  • Talking to professionals if needed