LSE 2

• Infancy : • the period of the newborn, beginning of the early period of

  existence as an individual rather than as a parasite in the mother’s body
• Period of Partunate : birth to 15-30 minutes after birth, from emerging from

  the mother’s body until the umbilical cord has been cut and tied
• Period of Neonate: cutting and tying of the

  umbilical cord to approximately the end of the 2nd week of postnatal life
• Infancy is the shortest of all developmental periods
• •Infancy is a plateau in development, •Infancy is a preview of the later

  development
• Change in temperature

  • from 100*F in the uterine sac to 60 to 70*F in

  the hospital or at home
• INDICATIONS OF DIFFICULTY IN

  ADJUSTING TO POSTNATAL LIFE

  • Loss of weight

  • Disorganized behavior

  • Infant mortality
• • Sensitivities of the infant

  -sensory capacities (vision,

  hearing, smell, taste,

  organic sensitivities, skin

  sensitivities)
• • Physical

  -unfavorable prenatal environment

  -difficult and complicated birth

  -multiple birth

  -postmaturity

  -prematurity

  -infant mortality
• •Psychological

  -traditional beliefs about birth

  -helplessness

  -individuality of the infant

  -developmental lag

  -plateau in development

  -lack of stimulation

  -new-parent blues

  -unfavorable attitudes of significant people

  -names
• Babyhood : 2 weeks - 2 years old
• PATTERN OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

  • weight

  • height

  • physical proportions

  • bones

  • muscles and fat
• ectomorphic : having a thin body build, roughly characterized by the relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic ectoderm
• endomorphic : designating or of the round, fat physical type characterized by predominance of the structures developed from the endodermal layer of the embryo, as the internal organs.
• mesomorphic : having a robust muscular body-build characterized by predominance of structures (bone and muscle and connective tissue) developed from the embryonic mesodermal layer
• PATTERN OF MOTOR

  CONTROL

  • head region

  -eye control, smiling,

  head holding

  • trunk region

  -rolling and sitting

  • arm and hand region

  • leg region
• PRESPEECH FORMS OF

  COMMUNICATION

  • crying

  • babbling

  • gesturing

  • emotional expressions
• TASKS IN LEARNING TO SPEAK

  • pronunciation

  • vocabulary building

  • sentences
• 2-3 mos: distinguish people from inanimate objects
• 4-5 mos: wants to be picked up; try to attracts

  attention of another baby or child
• 6-7 mos: differentiate between “friends” and

  “strangers”; smiles at other babies
• 8-9 mos: imitate speech, gestures and simple acts
• 12 mos: reacts to warning “no-no”
• 16-18 mos: negativism; fighting over toy decreases
• 22-24 mos: cooperates in a number of routine

  activities; interest in playing with other babies