SOC 140

• Population Size: the number of people in a given place
• Population Growth or Decline: how the number of people in that place is changing over time
• Population Processes: levels and trends in fertility, mortality, and migration that determine population size and change
• Population Spatial Distribution: where people are located and why
• Population Structure: the number of males and females in each age group
• Population Characteristics: variables such as education, income, occupation, family and household relationships, immigrant and refugee status, and other characteristics that define individuals or groups
• 4 sources of demographic data:

  • Population and housing censuses
  • Sample enumeration in censuses
  • Household sample surveys
  • Administrative records
• “Vital Statistics are derived from information obtained at the time when the occurrences of vital events and their characteristics are inscribed in a civil register."
• ANNUAL POVERTY INDICATORS SURVEY aims to provide non-income poverty indicators for assessing Filipino families’ living conditions.
• The Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF) is a nationwide survey designed to gather information on Filipino citizens abroad, including overseas workers, who left the country for employment during the five years preceding the survey.
• Epidemiology is the pattern of health and disease. 


  It studies community rather than individuals.
• The 3 rates of epidemiology: Incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate.

  Incidence is the number of new cases. Prevalence is the total number of existing cases. Mortality rate is the frequency of death.
• Dual estimation method is the carefully constructed sample survey right after the census is finished. 


  It matches the people in the sample survey with their responses in the census.
• Sample survey is the method of collecting data by obtaining information from a sample of the total population.
• 3 Sample survey limitations: (1) Less extensive coverage than census; (2) Household surveys can be subject to non-sampling errors as a result of interviewing process; (3) Household surveys can be also subject to sampling error as a result of geographical detail sought.
• Example of sample survey is the 2022 Philippines National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS).
• The reproductive age for for women is 15-49.
• 2 examples of Administrative Data: (1) Arrival and departure cards and (2) application for utilities.
• Vital statistics refers to the births, deaths, marriages, and deaths that have something to do with an individual's entrance and departure from life.
• 4 basic sources of vital statistics: (1) Marriage certificate; (2) Certificate of live birth; (3) Certificate of death; (4) Certificate of fetal death.
• Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and woman entered into accordance with law.
• Live birth refers to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, which after separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life.
• Death is the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live birth has take place.
• Confidentiality is the act of removing all identifying information from your report. It is the act of protecting the participant's personal data for as long as you use it.
• Data pseudonymization is the act of replacing identifying information about participants with pseudonyms.
• Informed consent: researcher is reading the study terms and asking the participants to sign a form. 


  It includes disclaimer that the participants are free to choose to participate and can withdraw from or leave the study at any point.
• 5 ethical issues: (1) voluntary participation; (2) informed consent; (3) anonymity; (4) confidentiality; (5) potential for harm

  VIP/AC.
• An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee that checks whether your research aims and design are ethically acceptable.
• 3 reasons for having ethical considerations: (1) Protect the rights of research participants; (2) Enhance research validity; (3) Maintain scientific or academic integrity.
• Ethical considerations are a set of principles that guide your research designs and practices.
• Geographic Information System (GIS) is a combination of maps with data that refer to places on those maps and then analyze those data using spatial statistics and display the results as thematic maps. 


  Geo-referenced is associated with some geographic identification.
• Spatial demography is the application of spatial concepts and statistics to demographic phenomena.
• Historical resources: to recreate history.
• Migration Transition is directly linked to the Age Transition and

  Urban Transitions.
• Autonomy - In Informed Consent, it is the right to participate in a survey or decline; it's a right to not answer specific questions. 


  In Scientific Integrity, it's when the participant should have "decisional capacity" to answer survey; and survey questions should be appropriate for the audience, ie., not contrary to their values and beliefs).