[2] Pre-history

• Peopling of the Philippines:

  • Waves of Migration Theory by H. Otley Beyer
  • Maritime Migration Theory by Wilhelm Solheim
  • Core Population Theory by F. Landa Jocano
• Waves of Migration Theory:

  • "Dawn men" related to homo sapiens arrived first using land bridges
  • Negrito or Aeta arrived next, described as short people with dark skin and curly hair, surviving through hunting and gathering
  • Seafaring and tool-using Indones arrived between 5,000 to 6,000 years ago in two waves: Indonesian "A" and Indonesian "B"
  • Malays arrived in three waves, introducing mining, smelting technology, agriculture, and Islam
• Core Population Theory by F. Landa Jocano:

  • Negritos may not be the first group in the Philippines
  • Tabon Man lived 21,000 to 22,000 years ago, reaching the country before Malaysia
  • Filipinos, Malays, and Indonesians are results of a long evolution process
• Maritime Migration Theory by Wilhelm Solheim:

  • First inhabitants came from Yunnan in China through Taiwan using balangay
  • Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network
• Nusantao:

  • Single maritime culture in Island Southeast Asia by Austronesian language speakers
  • Developed a trading network between northern Philippines, Taiwan, South China, and northern Vietnam
  • Spread rice agriculture and cultural elements to Korea and Japan
• Tabon Man:

  • Oldest human in the Philippines until 2007
  • Homo sapiens using stone tools and fire, 20,000 to 22,000 BCE
• Callao Man:

  • Found in Callao Cave, Cagayan
  • Homo Luzonensis, 67,000 years old
  • More bones and teeth found in succeeding years