21st century literature copy

• Literature: anything that is printed
• Pre-Spanish Literature/Pre-Colonial Period:

  • Folk Tales
  • The Epic Age
  • Folk Songs
  • Salawikain: Pinoy Proverbs
  • Sawikain(Proverbs)
  • Maxims
  • Bulong(chant)
  • Kasabihan(sayings)
  • Myths
  • Fable
  • Riddles/Bugtong
• Folk tales: made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons
• Epics: long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements
• Example of Folk tales: The Sun and The Moon(Tingguian Folktale)
• Folk Songs: one of the eldest forms of Philippine literature that emerge for pre-spanish period
• Example of Folk songs:

  • Kundiman
  • Kumintang o Tagumpay
  • Ang Dalit o Imno
  • Ang Oyayi o Hele
• Folk Songs is 12 syllables
• Salawikain: forceful expressions cloaked in poetry and are basically euphemistic passage
• Salawikain: sayings that are steep in traditional Filipino culture and wisdom
• Salawikain: brief popular saying that gives advice about people should live
• Sawikain: phrase or expression that has a figurative meaning
• Maxims: well -known phrase that expresses a general truth about life or a rule about behavior
• Bulong(chants): used in witchcraft or enchantments
• Kasabihan(sayings): old and well-known phrase that expresses an idea that most people believe is true
• Kasabihan: used in teasing or to comment on a person’s actuations
• Myths: idea or story that is believed by many people but that is not true
• Myths: story that was told in an ancient culture to explain a practice, belief, or natural occurence
• Fables: story about animals and intended to teach a lesson
• Monkey: common animal character in Philippine Fable. Often depicted as a cunning animal.
• Riddles/Bugtong: tricky question that have double meanings and usually challenging to solve or answer
• Riddles/Bugtong: come in the form of phrases and statements and used as rhetorical device within literature
• Spanish Period: literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry
• Alibata/Baybayin: first Filipino alphabet
• Alibata was replace by Roman alphabet
• Christian Doctrine: became the basis of religious practices
• European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros
• Folk Songs: manifests the artistic feeling of the Filipinos and shows their innate appreciation for and love of beauty
• Examples of Folk Songs in Spanish Period:

  • Leron-Leron Sinta
  • Pamulinawen
  • Dandansoy
  • Sarong Banggi
• Recreational Plays performed during Spanish Period:

  • Cenaculo
  • Panunuluyan
  • Salubong
  • Zarsuela
• Period of Enlightenmen: 1872-1898
• Period of Enlightenmen: illustrados began to write about the hitch of colonization
• Propaganda Movement: spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban and Pedro Paterno
• Rizal’s Writings

  • Noli Me Tangere
  • El Filibusterismo
  • Mi Ultimo Adios
• Del Pilar’s Writings

  • Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
  • Kaingat Kayo
  • Dasalan at Tocsohan
• Jaena’s Writings

  • Ang Fray Botod
  • Everything is Hambug
  • La Hija De Fraile
• American Regime: 1898-1941
• American Regime: language used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions.
• American Regime: Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays and novels.
• 1910: new group started to write in English. hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally, English, were the medium used in literature during these times