topic 5

• health: a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• communicable disease: a disease caused by a pathogen that can be passed from person to person
• pathogen: a disease causing organism
• 4 types of pathogens

  bacteria, viruses , fungi, protists
• what type of pathogen causes diarrhoea in the disease cholera?

  bacteria
• what organs are damaged by the bacteria that cause tuberculosis?

  lungs
• how are TB bacteria transmitted?

  in air
• what type of pathogen causes Chalara ash dieback disease in trees?

  fungi
• how are Chalara ash dieback fungi transmitted?

  in the air as spores
• what type pf pathogen causes damage to blood and liver in malaria?

  protist
• how are malaria protist transmitted?

  in animal vectors( mosquitos)
• HIV leads to AIDS by destroying what type of cells?

  white blood cells
• How is HIV transmitted?

  sexually or blood contamination
• helicobacter: a bacteria that cause stomach ulcers
• how are Helicobacter bacteria transmitted that cause stomach ulcers?

  oral transmission (food)
• what type of pathogen is Ebola that causes haemorrhagic fever?

  virus
• how is Ebola virus transmitted?

  by body fluids
• what type of pathogen cause chlamydia?

  bacteria
• how are chlamydia bacteria transmitted?

  sexually
• how can the spread of chlamydia bacteria and the HIV virus be prevented?

  barrier contraception (condom)
• non communicable disease: a disease not caused by a pathogen
• 3 types of non-communicable diseases

  cardiovascular disease (heart disease)-cancer-liver disease
• how do you calculate BMI (body mass index)?

  mass (kg) / height^2 (m)
• what does BMI over 30 mean?

  obese
• what main organ does excessive alcohol intake affect?

  liver
• what two diseases are linked to smoking?

  lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
• 3 ways to treat cardiovascular disease

  lifelong medication, surgery, lifestyle changes