social learning explanation of gender development

• How do children acquire their gender identity according to social learning theory?

  Through social learning, observation, and reinforcement
• What does social learning theory emphasize in gender development?

  The influence of the environment on gender development
• What is differential reinforcement in the context of gender identity?

  Encouragement of distinct gender-appropriate behaviors
• What is indirect reinforcement in gender behavior?

  Imitating behaviors based on observed consequences
• How does identification differ from imitation in gender development?

  Identification involves wanting to be like a role model
• What are the mediational processes involved in modeling behavior?

  Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
• What did Smith and Lloyd's study demonstrate about gender stereotypes?

  • Mothers treat male and female babies differently
  • Boys encouraged to be active; girls to be passive
  • This is an example of direct differential reinforcement
• What did Perrin and Bussey's study reveal about same-sex role models?

  • Children chose fruits based on same-sex models
  • Supports the theory of same-sex role models
  • Indicates influence of gender on behavior choices
• What rigid stereotypes did Bussey and Bandura find regarding gender roles?

  Men as independent, women as dependent
• What does Bandura's social learning theory suggest about gender?

  Gender is learned through observation and imitation
• What role do mediational processes play in social learning theory?

  They affect whether a behavior is reproduced
• What did Perry and Bussey find regarding same-sex models?

  Children imitated same-sex models' behaviors
• What is a limitation of social learning theory regarding early preferences?

  Children show preferences before exposure to models
• What does social learning theory fail to explain about gender behavior?

  Consistency across contexts without reinforcement