EL 111

• Literature - is derived from the Latin word "litaritura" or writing form with letters. It is often used to describe different art forms such as fiction, poetry, prose, and drama.
• Literature - it is the mean of preserving, recording, and transmitting information and knowledge that influences the moral, social, cultural, psychological, and even political aspects.
• Henry Van Dyke - "writing which interpret the meaning of nature and life."
• William Shakespeare - "it is a comprehensive essence of the intellectual life of a nation."
• Northrop Frye - It speaks the language of imagination and the study of literature train and improves the imagination."
• Literary - is concerned with the study, writing, and appreciation of literature.
• Children literature - refers to the material written, published, and used for instruction, information, and entertainment of children, and adolescents.
• Children's literature - lie in giving target readers the particular kind of reading experiences and how relate their childhood experiences with the text.
• Children's literature - varies from fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and other artistic genres.
• Importance of studying literature - literature is a body of ideas that need to be explored.
• Importance of studying literature - it helps readers see the world differently and develop a better perspective.
• Importance of studying literature - it enables understanding of personal and human emotions, issues in society, history, and culture.
• Qualities of a good story - A good story grabs and sparks the readers' interest. It creates change in the readers' thinking. It makes the readers feel what the characters feel, fear, and love.
• Allen Say - "an abstract experience that when one ventures through and comes out of a maze, he will feel a slight change."
• Qualities of a good children and adolescent literature - good children's literature induces strong emotion; it can make children readers laugh (sense of joy satisfaction).
• Janet schulman - "books give children a foundation on a ladder of life."
• Personal value of literature to children - it helps them develop their imagination and creativity.

  1. Experience pleasure and enjoyment.
  2. Improve imagination.
  3. Enhance cognitive development.
  4. Stretch attention span.
  5. Develop positive attitude.
  6. Acquire information about nature and their environment.
  7. Appreciate books and develop a love for reading.
  8. Understand literature.
  9. Learn new hobbies and acquire new interests.
  10. Empathize with others' feeling and concerns.
  11. Understand cultural heritage.
  12. Improve creativity and artistic tendencies.
  13. Stimulate a sense of aesthetic.
• Academic value of literature to children - reading fosters language development and fluency, that includes phonetic and phonemic awareness, vocabulary command, structural control, and improvement of overall reading comprehension.
• Classical Period - All literary works began with the use of ancient oral storytelling. Stories to comfort each other, establish relationship, and entertain or teach their young ones.
• Classical Period - Children grew up with the stories of the adventures of Hercules, and story of gods and goddesses or the creation of the world.
• Classical period - the known literature during the classical period is a Greek and Roman origins, such as myths and epics.
• Classical Period - the writing styles includes figurative language such as metaphor, symbolism, hyperbole, simile, personification, and juxtaposition.
• Medieval Period - also known as the middle-ages, literature is characterized as religious and highly biblical and romantic, with embedded realism and fantasy. People used stories for teaching morals to children.
• Medieval period - Religion was a huge influence in term of education.
• Aldhelm (640 -700 A.D) - The bishop of Sherborne, had also written books for children, in which he wrote verses and riddles.
• Alfread the Great (349-399 A.D) translated literature in Latin to Anglo-Saxon.
• The archbishop of canterbury, Ansel (1033-1109 A.D) published the Bible.
• WIlliam Caxton (1476) created the first printer and published the fables of Aesop.
• Renaissance period - marked the new in Europe around 1400 to 1700 or during the 14th to 16th century. It emphasize the intellectual and spiritual development.
• Johannes Guttenberg - discovered the printing press (idea from China).
• Renaissance period - educational books were also first printed.
• Sir Thomas Elyot - "The book named the governor."
• Roger Ascham - "the Scholemaster."
• John Foxe - "book of martyrs."
• John Comenius - "Orbis sensualism"
• 18th century - books were produced to teach children or emphasize morals.
• 18th century - instructions were devoted to religious pursuits.
• The Augustinian - philosophy had a great influence to teaching children.
• John Locke - explained children's minds is a blank slate.
• 18th century - children are believed to be inherently good.