Sts chapter 2 gender

• Society is a grouping of individuals characterized by common interests, distinctive culture, and institutions
• The origin of the word "society" comes from the French word "Societe" and the Latin words "Societas" and "Socius"
• Social scientists differentiate societies based on various factors
• Morton H. Fried and Elman Service classified societies based on the evolution of social inequality and the role of the state
• Forms of human society include Band, Clan, Tribe, Ethnic group, Chiefdom, and State
• Characteristics of society include criteria for membership, patterns of organization, and social norms of acceptable behavior
• Criteria for membership in a society involve shared beliefs or common goals that bind people together
• Organization - Human societies are often organized based on their primary means of subsistence and political structure
• Norms - Social norms are rules or standards of behavior shared by members of a social group
• A norm is an expectation of how people will behave, generally socially enforced
• SOCIETY

  An interdependent community
• CULTURE - An attribute of a community
• Gerhard Lenski differentiates societies into four levels based on technology, communication, and economy:

  1. Hunting and gathering,
  2. Horticultural and pastoral societies
  3. Agrarian
  4. Industrial
  5. Post-industrial/Information societies
• CLAN - A group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor.
• BAND - The simplest form of human society. Consists of a small kinship group, often no larger than an extended family or small clan.
• TRIBE - A social division within a traditional society consisting of a group of interlinked families or communities sharing a common culture and dialect.
• Ethnic group - A human population whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or lineage.
• Chiefdom - Any community led by an individual known as chief.
• State - A state is a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.