UCSP

• This module focuses on the Development of Humans as Cultural, Social and Political Actors
• The module is divided into three lessons:

  • Lesson 1: Analyze the Concept, Aspects and Changes of Culture and Society
  • Lesson 2: Connection of anthropology to Culture
  • Lesson 3: Explain the Importance of Cultural Relativism in Attaining Cultural Understanding
• Most Essential Learning Competencies:

  • Analyze the concept, aspects and changes of culture and society (UCSP11/12DCSIc-8)
  • Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding (UCSP11/12DCSId-10)
• After completing this module, students are expected to:

  1. Explain the importance of the contribution of anthropologists and sociologists to the understanding of culture and society

  2. Explain the sociological perspective on society

  3. Analyze the concept of culture and society

  4. Determine the aspects and changes of culture and society

  5. Define cultural relativism

  6. Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding
• Anthropology focuses on answering the question "What does it mean to be human?"

  • Anthropology helps in understanding human culture variation and society in general
• In the midst of the pandemic, cultural changes can be observed in society such as changes in daily routines and celebrations
• Activity 1: Observations about a given picture

  • List down observations about the picture provided
  • Reflect on the cultural changes observed in society
• Activity 2: Fill up missing images regarding anthropology and culture

  • Connect the concepts of anthropology and culture
  • Prepare for the upcoming lesson
• Anthropology key strength as a discipline of social science is its holistic approach to the study of humans
• Anthropology studies humans as both biological and social creatures
• Anthropology inquires on the genetic composition of humans, their relationship with other primates, and their evolution
• Anthropology studies human culture behaviors, attitudes, and belief systems
• Anthropology is defined as the study of people- their origins, their development, and contemporary variations
• Subdisciplines of anthropology include:

  • Applied anthropology: attempts to solve contemporary problems
  • Archaeology: examines remains of ancient and historical human populations
  • Cultural anthropology: studies a society's culture through their belief systems, practices, and possessions
  • Linguistic anthropology: examines the language of a group of people and its relation to their culture
  • Physical anthropology: views the biological development of humans and their contemporary variation
• Culture enables humans to survive in their environment
• Culture refers to a group or community which shares common experiences shaping the way its members understand the world
• Culture influences views, values, humor, hopes, loyalties, worries, and fears
• Culture consists of beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society
• Major elements of culture include symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts
• Symbols are used to stand for something else and have specific meanings attached to them

  • Language is a system of words and symbols used to communicate
  • Systems of values are culturally defined standards for what is good or desirable
• Anthropology and culture are interrelated to each other
• Cultural anthropology deals with culture in all its forms and interactions with people and other cultures
• Culture is the sum of learned, non-instinctual behaviors and beliefs passed on from generation to generation
• Anthropology focuses on the study of humankind, including culture and its wide variety
• Anthropology and culture are interconnected as anthropology studies human actualization and culture is a factor of that actualization
• Society is an exchange of gestures that involves the use of symbols - George Herbert Mead
• Society as a social organism possessing a harmony of structure and function - August Comte
• Society as the complex of organized associations and institutions within a community - George Douglas Cole
• Society is a total complex of human relationships that grow out of the action in terms of means-end relationship - Talcott Parsons
• Society is a reality in its own right, with collective consciousness being crucial for survival - Emile Durkheim
• Society as a system of usages and procedures of authority and mutual aid of many groupings and divisions of controls to human behavior and liberties - Robert Maclver and Charles Page
• Society as a collection of individuals united by certain relations or mode of behavior that marks individuals off from others - Morris Ginsberg